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Katharine Foot and E. C. Strobell 
Spermatozoon which receives the accessory chromosome must necessarily 
cause the egg to develop into a female. 
If the chormosomes are the result of physical and Chemical reaction 
of the cell as a whole, as held by Fick and others it is quite conceivable 
that the sperm nucleus as a whole mav develop the chromosomes neces- 
sary to complete a male of female chromosome group and that they are 
thus the expression rather than the determining cause of certain vital 
phenomena. This estimate of the chromosomes would seem to be rea- 
sonable except to those who are bound by the notion that the chro- 
mosomes are definite entities, passed on from one cell generation to the 
next as governing factors. 
Düring recent years so many facts have accumulated indicating a 
definite behavior of special chromosomes that specidations regarding 
their behavior have culminated in even more interesting interpretations 
than those at one time connected with the centrosome and in fact one Inter- 
pretation has been suggested not unlike Fol’s “Quadrille of the Cen- 
ters”. Prof. Morgan (1909) says: “The only way in which such a com- 
bination can be accounted for, on the assumption that here too the original 
number is still retained — as in P. fallax — is that the two smallest of 
the eight have shifted over from their larger partners and have united 
with each other; the larger partners have also combined to produce the 
very large chromosome” p. 270. The above might justlv be called a 
quadrille of the chromosomes. 
There is a good deal of evidence indicating that variations that have 
been demonstrated for the form, size and number of the chromosomes 
may be extended also to the behavior of the chromosomes. It has been 
shown for example that such an apparently significant phenomenon as 
pseudo-reduction is not always confined to the maturation divisions. 
Its occurence among somatic cells has been demonstrated. Häcker 
(1907) found pseudo-reduction in the “Urgeschlechtszellen” and early 
cleavage cells of Cyclops, he says: »Endlich kann auch die Halbierung 
der Chromosomenzahl auch schon außerhalb der Reifungsperiode zum 
Vorschein kommen. Den ersten derartigen Fall habe ich (1892) in den 
Urgeschlechtszellen von Cyclops gefunden, und ich konnte später zeigen, 
daß auch in den früheren Furchungszellen dieselbe (scheinreduzierte) 
Chromosomenzahl wie im Keimbläschen auftritt« p. 108. 
In 1906 Prof. C. E. Walker described and figured pseudo-reduction 
in the leucocvtes of the guinea pig and rat, he says: “It is obvious as will 
be seen from the figures, which are taken from cells occurring in the bone- 
marrow and lymphatic glands of the guinea pig and rat, that the number 
