Bulletin of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University. 
Vol. XI. Article X. With Plates LIX-LXI. February, igoi. 
A REVIEW OF THE PANORPIDAE OF AMERICA 
NORTH OF MEXICO. 
James S. Hine. 
It is a difficult matter to give characters that will define 
the forms that are at present placed in this Neuropteroid family. 
The majority of the members are readily distinguished by the 
beak-like front of the head. The antennae are long, slender, 
and many jointed ; there are three ocelli or none, and the com- 
pound eyes are rather large. Most of the species have four 
well developed wings but some are wingless or at most have 
rudimentary wings. The type of the family is Panorpa com- 
munis L . , the common scorpion fly of Europe, The American 
species have been catalogued by Banks in Trans. Am. Ent. 
Soc., Vol. 19, 1892. 
The family formerly included the genus Nemoptera which 
Klug considered, but eliminated from the Panorpidae in his 
Monograph of Panorpatae in Abhandlungen der Academie der 
Wissenschaften zu Berlin in 1836. 
The life history of only a few species is known. In Europe 
Brauer has done some work which is frequently quoted, and in 
this country Felt has published a paper in Lintner’s Tenth Report 
of the Insects of New York, in which he records observations 
on some very young stages of Panorpa mfescens Rambur. 
The material which I have examined in the preparation of 
this paper aggregates nearly a thousand specimens. Through 
the kindness of officers in charge I was' permitted to examine 
the material, both domestic and foreign, in the Museum of 
Comparative Zoology at Cambridge. I desire to express my 
obligation to Mr. Nathan Banks of the Division of Entomology, 
Washington, D. C., for suggestions, and the loan of his collec- 
