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AUG. F. FOERSTE 
iopods, trilobites, and other fossils, and by the frequency with 
which free cheeks are found still attached to the cranidia of trilo- 
bites, even the thoracic segments sometimes being present. There 
is no evidence in these strata of shells having been swept by cur- 
rents into unnatural positions. There is no evidence of material 
distinctly of clastic origin. No ripple marks cross the surfaces 
of the limestone layers, although there is no reason why small 
ripple marks should not appear locally. 
The upper or Kimmswick limestone evidently is chiefly of 
clastic origin, and might be defined as a lime sand formed by 
the comminuted remains of shells, bryozoans, and other organ- 
isms, more or less altered by crystallization. In the more coarsely 
granular layers, irregular bedding and cross bedding is not un- 
common. Trilobite remains almost invariably are dismembered 
and more or less broken. The more strongly comminuted or- 
ganic remains form a matrix in which many other fossils are 
imbedded. It is remarkable how frequently the surfaces of the 
imbedded fossils are well preserved. It is evident that commi- 
nution of organic remains into lime sand preceded the washing 
of these sands over the imbedded fossils sufficiently to prevent 
the surfaces of the latter from being strongly abraded. Periods 
of comminution and of aggradation of lime sands may have 
followed each other more or less alternately, or the particles 
comminuted in one area may have been swept by currents into 
other neighboring areas. 
3. THE FOLLEY, BRYANT, AND MCCUNE LIMESTONES, 
OF KEYES 
The first attempt to classify the Champlainian or Mohawkian 
strata of Missouri and to apply geographical names to their major 
divisions was made by Prof. C. R. Keyes in 1898, in a paper 
on Some Geological Formations of the Cap au Gres Uplift, pub- 
lished by the Iowa Academy of Science. In this paper the term 
Bryant limestone is used for the upper part of the limestone in- 
cluded by Branson in his Plattin formation, and the term Folley 
is used for the lower part of the same formation. The name 
