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KIRTLEY F. MATHER 
of approach to those comparatively adjacent goals are not even 
approximately parallel. The aims are similar, but the routes 
are various. 
In general, would-be reformers — and that of course includes 
all adolescent or adult humans of sound or unsound mind — fall 
readily and naturally into two classes: those who believe in 
revolution, and those who believe in evolution. Each of these 
classes may be further divided into two sub-classes, dependent 
upon the reformer’s notion of the forces which must be relied 
upon to accomplish successfully the desired result; reliance may 
be placed on the one hand upon human and natural forces, on 
the other upon suprahuman and supernatural. 
Among those who believe in revolution, there are in the one 
group our inconoclastic brethren who have faith in the ability of 
the proletariat not only to overthrow the bourgeoisie but to 
perfect a new and beneficent organization of human affairs, 
which shall rise phoenix-like from the red flames of the blazing 
ruin of things-as-they-are. And on the other hand, in the same 
broad class of believers in revolution, there are those religious 
zealots who confidently await a day of destruction and judgment, 
when suprahuman forces shall be loosed in supernatural ways, 
and in the twinkling of an eye our present failure of a world shall 
be swept aside to make way for ^The new heaven and the new 
earth.” 
In the ranks of the evolutionists, a similar cleavage is apparent. 
Some believe that the forces long operative, and even now 
operating, within the world are competent eventually to win 
mankind through to the high goal which seems to be set for 
him; that the Administrator of the Universe — to use Dr. T. C. 
Chamberlin’s apt phrase — is powerful enough to make right 
forever triumphant without resorting to catastrophic destruc- 
tion of the majority of his subjects. Others, impressed with the 
might of the quiet but constant forces of evolution and con- 
vinced of the futility of revolutionary expedients, fail to find 
the hope of better things in the present trend of affairs; rampant 
greed and unalloyed selfishness, eternal competition and bitter 
struggle, ever recurring tragedy, these seem to be the constant 
