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KARL H. ESCHMAN 
attached, running the entire length of the drum. It is carried by 
four men, two on each side of a long handle which is carved from 
the body of the tree. The drum as well as the drum-stock (32 
cm. long, 2 cm. diameter) which is not padded, is painted in 
alternate red and black circles. 
3. Drum — Africa. A well made cylinder, 49.5 cm! in length, 
26 cm. m diameter, has two heads laced, together by a very intri- 
cate network of rattan which covers the entire drum. The whole 
drum evidences much more skill of workmanship than the pre- 
ceding, and produces a very satisfactory tone, as the tight lacing 
greatly increases the resonance. 
4. Ozee (stationary drum) — Burma. This drum is made of 
wood in the shape of a goblet 38 cm. high and 15.5 cm. in diameter, 
lacquered black and red. The head is painted with a smaller 
circle of black and is fastened by thongs to a wire at the base of 
the head. The wooden base of this drum is hollow. A com- 
panion drum of the same general size and finish has a skin on 
each end and a thong which slips around the neck, making it 
possible to play with the fists while moving about. 
II. WIND INSTRUMENTS — PIPE TYPE 
5. Siakuhachi — Japan. This direct flute is made from a 
thick bamboo stem, using the natural swell of the reed. It is 
blown at one end where a piece is cut off to afford a position for 
the lip. The length is 49 cm. and the diameter 1.7 cm. swelling 
to 2.3 cm. There are four finger-holes in the front and one in the 
back, while other smaller subdivisions of pitch are obtained by 
only partly closing these holes with the fingers. There is a 
distinct pattern for this type so that the distance from joint to 
joint of the bamboo averages 17, 14 and 8.5 cm. respectively. 
This specimen measures 18, 14 and 9 cm. 
6. Traverse flute — Burma. This flute is lacquered black and 
has a ring of ivory at each end; 40.5 cm. long, 2 cm. diameter. 
Six holes for fingering and one for blowing. 
7. Ti or Yueh — China. Seven holes in front and one in back of 
pipe. The mouth-hole is divided by a small partition into two 
parts. Made of bamboo, 28 cm. long, 1.5 cm. diameter. 
