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PSEUDOHAZIS HERA. 
* PLATE XV, FIG. 8, PSEUD. EGLANTERINA, Bdl. A, California. 
' FIG. 9, PSEUD. EGLANTERINA. A aberration, California. 
FIG. 10, PSEUD. HERA, Harris, (Pica, W Ik.) A> Utah. 
FIG. 11, PSEUD. HERA, yellow var. A> Colorado. 
FIG. 12, PSEUD. HERA, A black aberration, “ Rocky Mts.” 
FIG. 13, PSEUD. NUTTALLI, Streck. A Rocky Mts., head of Snake River. 
FIG. 14, PSEUD. NUTTALLI, 9 Rocky Mts., head of Snake River. 
The 9 °f P- Hera, the earliest described of the above forms, was figured by Audubon on plate 359 in Vol. IV of his great work 
on the Birds of N. Am. and on plate 53, Vol. I, of his later smaller edition, but no name or word regarding the insect appeared in the 
text. Dr. Harris afterwards described and named the species from the example that had furnished Audubon with the original of his 
figure, which was in the possession of Mr. Ed. Doubleday of Epping, Eng. This, as well as other examples, were taken by the ornith- 
ologist Nuttall in the Rocky Mts. in 1836. Audubon’s figure is apparently a female to judge from the antennae, though Harris describes 
it as a male, and states that the other figure “is probably the female of the preceding, apparently differs from it only in being of a deep 
Indian-yellow colour and in having the crescent in the middle of the kidney shaped spots very distinct, whereas in the male it is almost 
obsolete.” This latter figure however is more likely the female of one of the other forms, Eglanterina or Nuttalli probably, as I have 
seen and examined a number of P. Hera from Utah in which the females as well as the males have the wings either quite white or else 
white with a very faint yellowish tint or cast. This white form appears to be indigenous to the salt regions of Utah and nowhere else. 
I have only figured the male, but if those of my readers, who have not easy access to Audubon’s work, will glance at my figure (14) of 
P. Nuttalli , 9 , and imagine the ground colour of all wings white and the abdomen ringed with black they will have a very correct idea 
of the female of the form or var. Hera , Harr. 
Both sexes of the Colorado variety of P. Hera have all the wings yellow, the primaries not however as deep in colour as the 
secondaries and body ; the male and female present scarcely any difference in the markings or outline of wings. Fig. 11 on plate XV 
represents the A of this form ; fig. 12 on same plate depicts a melanotic aberration of P. Hera, the original of which, taken by Mr. Nut- 
tall in the “Rocky Mts.” in 1836, is now in the coll, of Mr. Titian R. Peale, to whose goodness I am indebted for the privilege of 
figuring it, as well as Nos. 13, 14, which illustrate both sexes of P. Nuttalli described on page 107 of this work. At the time I designated 
this latter as a distinct species I considered the total absence of the black bands on the abdomen as entitling it to have some claims as 
such, but lately having examined a number of both sexes of an intermediate form received by Mr. Neumoegen from Arizona I am con- 
vinced that P. Nuttalli is but an extreme variation after all. Both sexes of these Arizona examples just alluded to (which came into 
my hands too late to introduce on plate XV) resemble closely in outline of wing, color and markings, P. Nuttalli 9 (fig- 14, plate XV) 
with the exception that the abdomen over half the length from the thorax is banded with black, the two bands nearest the thorax being 
broadest and thence out becoming narrower until but few traces are noticeable on the terminal segments; the black marks .on wings are 
but very little heavier in the male than in the female. This form I would propose to designate as variety Arizonensis ; it seems to be 
intermediate between the Colorado form of P. Hera (fig. 11) and P. Nuttalli. 
The best known and by far the commonest is the Californian form Eglanterina in which the upper surface of primaries is more 
or less suffused with pinkish ; it is very variable in the black markings; in some instances being almost as heavily blacked as the 
variety of P. Hera (fig. 12), in others it is scarcely more so than in P. Nuttalli 9 (fig- 14) ; nor is this diminution of the black confined 
to the females only as I have males with as little black on as any female I have yet seen, and even less. An extreme case in point is 
the male abberration (fig. 9) in which the black marks are almost totally obliterated on both surfaces. I have three of this type, all 
fine unblemished examples, but in neither of the remaining two are the dark bands and spots so completely obscured as in the one 
figured. The Californian examples are not even constant in outline of wing, some being narrow winged like form Hera, others broad 
as in fig. 8, pi. XV ; in fact this is fairly demonstrated by comparing the outline of fig. 8 with that of its aberration fig. 9. which pre- 
sents an entirely different shape of wing. Though the upper surface of primaries is more generally flesh coloured or pinkish, this is 
not always the case, as I have seen and possess examples of both sexes in which the primaries are the same yellow colour as the second- 
aries, and others in which part are yellow and part flesh coloured ; in fact the number of variations and sub-variations of this and the 
other forms is truly wonderful; I could easily have filled a plate with them had it been worth the while, but I trust I have figured 
enough to illustrate the fact that all are but forms, or sports, or variations of one species. 
The two examples in my collection taken by Nuttall in 1836 in the “Rocky Mts.” are the ordinary form of Eglanterina-, in the 
same expedition Nuttall also took the three insects figs. 12, 13 and 14 on plate XV, as well as the originals of Audubon’s figures one of 
which furnished the type for Flarris’ Hera. 
HYPEKCHIRIA YARIA. Walker. 
Cat. Lep. B. M. VI, p. 1278, (1855). 
(PLATE XV, FIG. 15 A aberr., 16 Hermaphrodite.) 
This common but none the less beautiful species is subject to many and most startling variations, two of which I have figured on 
plate XV, of which, as well as of several others, I will proceed to make further note. Fig. 15, a A , has on upper surface all the usual 
brownish marks of primaries, and the red abdominal margin and submarginal line of secondaries replaced by white or very pale vel- 
lowish. Beneath the primaries are yellow with no other colour or mark save a black discal spot pupilled with white; the secondaries 
are yellow from where the transverse line usually is to outer margin, interior to this yellow part the wing is yellowish white. Two 
examples of this aberrant were raised from a large brood, the remaining members of which were all of the ordinary form. 
Fig. 16 represents one of those incomprehensible freaks, a partial hermaphrodite. The left antennae is male, the right one fe- 
male; the thorax above is yellow like the male, with several isolated patches of the reddish female colour; beneath the thorax in front 
is red, rest yellow ; legs reddish ; abdomen above and below yellow and to all appearance is that of a male. The left primary is male 
except a small patch on interior margin, not far from the inner angle, and a not broad mark extending along inner margin from the 
aforesaid patch inwards to the transverse sub-basal line ; the right hand primary is female excepting the parts along inner margin 
which on the left wing are female are here male, also at the inner angle is an irregular triangular patch of the yellow male colour. 
Secondaries on upper. surface are both alike and appear to be, from the produced abdominal angle, male. Under surface all wings yel- 
low and in all other' espects like the normal males with the single exception that the costa of the right hand secondary is bordered its 
* On this accompanying plate (XV) figs. 8 and 9 are marked by mistake as Hera instead of Eglanterina, and figs. 10 11 and 1c> 
as Pica instead of Hera, so that they should read at bottom of plate correctly thus: 8, Pseudohazis Eglanterina, Bdl., A ■ 9 P, Eql 
terina, A aberr. ; 10, P. Hera, Harris, A ; 11, P. Hera, A var. ; 12, P. Hera, A aberr. 
