IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
157 
More or less poisonous, but generally not eaten by live stock. Found in 
woods more or less widely distributed in northern Iowa. 
95. Actaea rubra, Willd. Red baneberry. 
Widely distributed in the state, but never abundant. Berries poisonous. 
96. Delphinium consolida, L. Field larkspur. 
Naturalized from Europe. Poisonous and fatal to cattle, frequently culti- 
vated as an ornamental plant. It contains several poisonous alkaloids. The 
alkaloids delphinine C 22 H 35 NO 6 , delphisine C 27 BLN 2 O 4 , delphinoidine C 42 HGSN 2 O 7 , 
and staphisagrine C22H35NO5 occur in D. Staphisagria and may be looked for 
in some of our larkspurs. 
97. Delphinium carolinianum, Walt. Carolina Larkspur. 
Native to prairies, especially gravelly knolls. Reported as fatal to cattle. 
98. Delphinium exaltatum, Ait. Tall Larkspur. 
Frequently cultivated, native to Europe. 
99. Delphinium tricorne, Michx. 
Produces fascicled tuberous roots. Common in southern Iowa. Very poi- 
sonous to cattle. 
100. Aconitum uncinatum, L. Wild Monk’s-hood. 
Native to a limited area in northeastern Iowa. Contains the substance 
aconitin. Root, flowers and leaves are poisonous. 
101. Anemone nemorosa, L. Wood Anemone. 
The common wind flower is said to be a local irritant. 
102. Anemone patens, var. Nuttalliana. Gray, Crocus. Sorrel flower. 
Pasque flower. Wind flower. 
This plant is local in central and southern Iowa, but in northern Iowa it 
is common on gravelly knolls. It is a well known irritant, contains the bitter 
substance anemonin C 15 H 12 O 6 . 
103. Clematis virginiana, L. Virgin’s-bower. 
This plant is widely distributed in the state along with other species of the 
same genus. The herbage is said to be acrid and caustic. The juice of some 
species of the genus causes blisters, or even ulcers. The fresh leaves of the 
C. erecta are used as a vesicant in Europe, especially by beggars, hence some- 
times called beggar’s weed. 
104. Ranunculus abortivus, L. Crowfoot. 
Common weed in many parts of the state. The leaves are quite acrid; they 
have a sharp, peppery taste. 
105. Ranunculus sceleratus, L. Cursed crowfoot. 
A very poisonous species, especially to cattle, since it grows in marshes 
along with other herbage and is often eaten along with other forage plants. 
Contains anemonol and anemoninic acid. 
106. Ranunculus acris, L. Tall buttercup. 
Poisonous, causes inflammation when it comes in contact with mucous mem- 
brane. Rarely found in the state, but sometimes naturalized. 
107. Ranunculus septentrionalis, Poir. Creeping Buttercup. 
Widely distributed in low grounds. Acrid like the preceding species. 
108. Ranunculus fascicularis, Muhl. Tufted buttercup. 
Found only in eastern Iowa, as far west as the Iowa River. Probably 
poisonous like the preceding species. 
