IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
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alkaloids found in the poppy plant are morphine C 17 H 19 NO 3 + HA), codeine 
C18H21NO3+H2O, and narcotine C22H23NO7. The seeds of poppy are sometimes 
used to spread on top of cookies and bread. 
116. Papaver rhoeas, L. Corn Poppy. 
This species is occasionally cultivated and sometimes spontaneous; the milky 
juice contain some poisonous alkaloids, papaverine C20H21NO4; codeine 
C18H21N O3. 
J17. Papaver dubium, L. Long Smooth-fruited Poppy. 
Cultivated; native to Europe, naturalized in Eastern North America. 
118. Papaver orientale, L. 
This handsome, showy plant is frequently cultivated for ornamental pur- 
poses and contains a large amount of milky juice. This plant must be re- 
corded as suspicious. 
119. Argemone mexicana, L. Mexican Prickly Poppy. 
The Mexican prickly poppy, with pale yellow or yellowish petals, is culti- 
vated in gardens. The latex not only contains narcotic principles, but the 
prickly pods sometimes cause mechanical injury and set up inflammation. The 
latex contains morphine. 
120. Argemone platyceras, Link & Otto. 
This prickly poppy of the plains contains a narcotic substance in its latex. 
The prickly leaves of the plant cause serious mechanical injury and inflam- 
mation. 
121. Sanguinaria canadensis, L. Bloodroot. 
This widely distributed plant of Eastern North America is well known to 
nearly everyone. The root is poisonous, contains the principle sanguinarina, 
found in the red latex. The root is sharply irritating, especially to mucous 
surfaces. Contains the alkaloid sanguinarine C21H15NQ4. 
122. Chelidonium majus, L. 
Celandine is occasionally cultivated and sometimes spontaneous. The 
orange-yellow juice or latex is an irritant. The fresh juice produces inflamma- 
tion and blisters, and it poisons the skin if handled so as to crush the leaves 
or stem. Contains chelerythrine C21H17NO4, with a burning taste, and glaucine 
C18H19N O4. 
Cruciferae. 
123. Lepidium sativum, L. Garden Pepper-grass. 
Native to Europe, but occasionally escaped from cultivation. The Garden 
Cress is used as greens. It is a local irritant. 
124. Lepidium apetalum, Willd. Small Pepper-grass. 
Widely distributed in this state, and like the other pepper-grasses, may pro- 
duce sinapism. 
125. Nasturtium armoracia, Fries. Horse-radish. 
This is poisonous, like the preceding species of this order that have been 
mentioned. Dr. Rusby refers to its irritating properties when taken in excess 
especially because of its action upon the urinary organs. One case referred 
to by Dr. Johnson was extreme and serious. 
126. Sisymbrium officinale, Scop. Hedge Mustard. 
This plant is widely distributed in this state, as a weed. Produces more 
trouble than mustard. 
