IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
165 
PARIE TALES. Hypericaceae. 
183. Hypericum maculatum, Walt. Spotted St. John’s- Wort. 
All the species are suspected of being poisonous to horses. 
184. Hypericum perforatum, L. Common St. John’s- Wort. 
Naturalized here and there in Eastern Iowa. 
185. Hypericum ascyron, L. Great St. John’s-Wort. 
Most widely distributed species in the state, woods or borders of woods. 
Violaceae. 
186. Viola odorata, L. Sweet Violet. 
Commonly cultivated in greenhouses. Said to be somewhat poisonous. 
Underground parts of the plant are emetic* 
187. Viola cucullata, Ait. Common Blue Violet. 
The most widely distributed species in the states. The roots, like the pre- 
ceding, are emetic. 
Loasaceae. 
188. Mentzelia ornata, Torr. & Gray. Mentzelia. 
The backwardly barbed trichomes sometimes produce mechanical injuries. 
Found in Northwestern Iowa on the Big Sioux near Sioux City. 
OPUNTIALES. Cactaceae. 
189. Opuntia rafinesquii, Engelm. Cactus. 
Found in sandy soil in the state. The barbed trichomes cause mechanical 
injuries. 
MYRTIFLORAE. Thymelaceae. 
190. Daphne mezereum, L. Spurge Laurel. 
This is a well known poisonous plant of Europe. It is occasionally culti- 
vated in the state. Contains the glucosides daphnin C 30 H 34 O 10 , daphnetin 
2(C 9 H 6 04) H 2 O, coccognin C 20 H 22 OS. 
191. Dirca palustris, L. Leather-Wood. Moose-Wood. 
Found in Northeastern Iowa, Hardin and in Dallas Counties. The bark is 
acrid, the berries are narcotic and poisonous. 
UMBELLIFLORAE. Araliaceae. 
192. Aralia spinosa, L. Hercules’ Club. 
Occasionally -cultivated. Produces mechanical injury by irritating the skin. 
Umbelliferae. 
193. Conium maculatum, L. Poison Hemlock. 
Probably introduced here and there in the state. The plant contains the 
alkaloids coniine C s Hi 7 N, conydrine C s Hi 7 NO, menthylconiine C 9 Hi 7 N, a 
bitter principle cicutoxin. A very poisonous plant both to man and lower ani- 
mals. 
194. Petroselinum sativum. Parsley. 
Some people are suspicious of parsley. Dr. Schaffner states that the seeds 
are injurious to birds. He reports a case of poisoning of several parrots 
from eating the leaves of this plant. 
195. Apium graveolens, L. Celery. 
