168 
IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
217. Asclepias speciosa, Torr. Showy Milkweed. 
Poisonous. This species is found in Western and Northwestern Iowa. 
TUBIFLORAE. Convolvulaceae. 
218. Ipomoea pandurata, Meyer. Wild Potato Vine. Man of the Earth. 
The large root is poisonous. Contains the glucoside ipomoein CisDmOse. 
219. Convolvulus sepium, L. Hedge Bindweed. 
The plant produces a somewhat disagreeable odor. Dr. Schaffner states 
that it is supposedly poisonous to swine. Jalap contains several glucosides. 
The same probably occur in our Morning Glory. One is convolvulin, 
C31H50O 16 . 
Borraginaceae. 
220. Cynoglossum officinale, L. Hound’s-Tongue. 
Probably poisonous. 
221. Cynoglossum virginicum, L. Wild Comfrey. 
Supposed to be poisonous. 
222. Lappula officinalis, Lehm. Stickweed. 
The fruit of this plant gets into the wool and sometimes produces me- 
chanical injuries. 
223. Echium vulgare, L. Viper’s Bugloss. 
Occasionally spontaneous, probably in the Eastern part of the state. 
Labiatae. 
224. Nepeta glechoma, Benth. Ground Ivy. 
Widely naturalized in the state. Is said to be poisonous to horses. 
225. Hedeoma pulegioides, Pers. Pennyroyal. 
Common, especially in clay soils in Eastern Iowa. The oil is known to 
cause poisoning. 
226. Leonurus cardiaca, L. Common Motherwort. 
Known to produce mechanical injuries and dermatitis. Widely distributed 
in this state, naturalized in Europe. 
Solanaceae. 
227. Nicandra physaloides, Gaertn. Apple of Peru. 
Cultivated here and there in the state. Said to be poisonous. Used as a 
fly poison in parts of the United States. 
228. Solanum nigrum, L. Black Nightshade. 
The leaves and other parts of the plant are reputed to be poisonous to 
calves, sheep, goats, swine, and the green berries are known to be poisonous 
to man. The fruit of a form of this species is cultivated as an esculent. 
The writer has not only eaten berries of this, but has seen others 
eat berries of this and the common .Black Nightshade. Contains the alkaloid 
solanine C42H75NO15, with a hot, bitter taste. 
229. Solanum tuberosum, L. Potato. 
At certain times the tubers of the potato are poisonous, especially when 
green. The writer knows of an instance where the eating of potatoes acted 
as a poison. The substances produced in the young shoots of the potatoes 
are solanine and solanidine CuHuNOz. 
230. Solanum carolinense, L. Horse-nettle. 
