IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
169 
Naturalized in Southern part of the state, and more or less widely dis- 
tributed in Eastern Iowa. The fruit has a very disagreeable odor, and the 
plant as well as the fruit is narcotic. 
231. Solanum dulcamara, L. Bittersweet. 
The berries are poisonous, as are also the leaves. Cattle are known to have 
been poisoned by it- The bitter substance contained in it is known as 
dulcamarin. 
232. Nicotiana tabacum, L. Tobacco. 
Cultivated in different parts of the state, but not extensively. Narcotic 
and poisonous, and produces the alkaloid nicotine C 10 H 14 N 2 , a very poisonous 
substance. 
233. Nicotiana alatum, Link & Otto. Flowering Tobacco. 
Poisonous like the preceding. 
234. Hyoscyamus niger, L. Black Henbane. 
Probably occasionally found in the state. Known to be poisonous to stock 
and also to hogs. Universally recognized as a poisonous plant in Europe and 
this country. Probably one of the most deadly poisonous plants in the 
United States. Seeds are poisonous to chickens. Contains the alkaloid hyo- 
scy amine C17H23NO3. 
235. Datura stramonium, L. Jimson-weed. 
Naturalized in various parts of the state. All parts of the plant are 
narcotic and poisonous, especially the seed. Several cases of poisoning in 
children are reported in the state. The plant produces a very disagreeable 
odor, and the hay containing the plant is poisonous to cattle. It contains 
the alkaloid atropine C17H23NO3, hyoscy amine, and stramonine. 
236. Datura tatula, L. Purple Jimspon-weed. 
Poisonous, like the preceding, and the following species. Naturalized in 
different parts of the state. 
237. Datura wrightii, DC. Wright’s Datura. 
Frequently cultivated as an ornamental plant, is known to be poisonous. 
The nectar from the flower which is produced in great abundance is known 
to produce poisoning to children in this state. 
238. Capsicum annuum, L. Red or Cayenne Peppers. 
Well known remedy used as a stimulating plaster externally, if the pepper 
is applied long enough it produces vesicles. Red pepper is often injurious 
when taken in too large doses internally. The active poison is capsicol 
C9H14NO2, with a strong odor and burning taste. 
239- Yerbascum thapsus, L. Common Mullein. 
Widely distributed in this state, occurring in rather dry, sterile soil, a 
weed introduced from Europe. This species is said to produce dermatitis. 
240. Scrophularia marylandica, Gray. Simpson Honey Plant. 
Widely distributed in the state, pastures and woods. Not eaten by stock. 
According to Millspaugh, the physiological effect of this plant is bleeding of 
the gums, colic, and sleepiness. Contains a crystalline bitter substance, 
scrophularin. 
241. Digitalis purpurea, L. Purple Foxglove. 
This plant is widely cultivated in the state and is poisonous to man and 
