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IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
band (a) in Plate I, fig. 2. Another suggestive case is figured in 
Plate II, fig. 1. 
If Professor Todd’s explanation of the introduction of the fossil 
shells is correct how and when did the fossils reach the buried 
loess in the two preceding, and many similar cases? 
Professor Todd’s statement that the fossil localities are on hill- 
sides and near streams, needs very material modification. While 
it is true that fossiliferous loess is most abundant on slopes and 
near rivers, this fact does not support Professor Todd’s contention. 
The living forms are today most abundant in such localities, as they 
no doubt were upon the successive surfaces presented during the 
deposition of the loess. But they are not restricted to such locali- 
ties. In many cases fossiliferous loess occurs at points remote 
from larger streams, often on but slightly sloping surfaces, and 
not infrequently it forms the topmost portions of elevations. 
Conspicuous examples of fossiliferous loess exposures at points 
remote from the larger streams which are bordered by much loess, 
are the following: 
1. The vicinity of Clarkson, Neb., more than sixteen miles north 
of the Platte river, and with no large stream near. 
2. Bruno, Neb., about twelve miles south of the Platte river, 
and without streams in the immediate vicinity. 
3. Lincoln, Neb., nearly thirty miles from the Platte, and with 
no large stream near. 
4. The territory between Carroll and Harlan, Iowa, along the 
Chicago Great Western R. R. which includes a part of the great 
divide, is of this kind, the streams for many miles around being 
small and with narrow valleys. 
In all these cases abundant fossiliferous loess is present at high 
altitudes, and not in close proximity to streams. The loess materials 
in these cases were probably brought from more remote points, — 
chiefly from distant larger streams, — but the shells were local. 
In addition to these more remote points, there are many other 
localities irrespective of position with reference to streams, which 
show abundant fossils in flatter areas which are not subject to 
extensive faulting. A few are here cited: 
1. The loess-covered territory south of Larchwood, Iowa, which 
is rather sparingly fossiliferous on the broader uplands. 
2. The first cut northeast of Carroll, Iowa, on the Chicago 
Great Western railroad. This cuts through a low ridge, and ex- 
poses the following section, beginning below : Kansan drift, 
gumbo, a very fossiliferous post-Kansan loess, a yellow post-Iowan 
