538 
David II, Dollev 
cleus. ln terms of Hertwig’s theoiy that each element contribiites to 
the formatioii of cliromatiii, wliile tlie niicleus takes as miich as it givcs 
out, it takes and gives out in excess of the actiial need. All the anatomieal 
facts are in aeeord with this idea. In the next stage, of shrinkage, the 
nucleus is relatively more affected, the secondary functional hypertrophy 
begins definitely in the nueleiis and finally the niicleiis comes to exliaiistion 
fh'st. The first and last of these points are demonstrated by the crayfish 
cells as well. It is in accord with Hertwig’s findings that the result of 
functional activity in protozoa is a disturbance of the balance in favor 
of the nucleus, when the distiiiction is niade that the product of nuclear 
activity becomes a cytoplasmic structure. And, finally, it is an example 
of the universal principle of over-response, over-compensation. 
Hodge’s stage of shrinkage is interpreted as indicating that the 
capacity of the ceU is strained and that the nucleus is relatively more 
affected. For in the Purkinje ceU, the hyjierchromatism begins to fade 
and the consumption of chromatin begins to overtake its production. 
Then, in order to respond to the undiminished demand made upon it, 
there comes to the nucleus the necessity for that readjustment of Organi- 
zation, characterized by its edema, which is a true functional hypertrophy. 
The nucleus takes a sudden access of size, so that in the crayfish cell the 
nucleus-plasma relation tends to shift in its favor while in the Purkinje cell 
it actuaUy does so, and the relation becomes volumetrically in favor of 
the nucleus as it has been in relative amount of chromatin from the be- 
ginning (Text Fig. 5, Stages 5" and 6). 
But from the point of view of the cytoplasm, the cell body must 
furnish materials to the nucleus in proportion to the demand it makes 
for the chromatin substances. With the advance of consumption of 
chromatin, which at this point in the Purkinje cell is coming to die tem- 
porary using up of the available supply, the cytoplasm makes an iucreased 
demand upon the nucleus. This demand retroacting upon itself in the 
necessity of furnishing the nucleus iucreased material, functional hyper- 
trophy ensues in the cytoplasm. It takes on access of size and the nu- 
cleus-plasma relation Swings back toward the equilibrium, which in the 
crayfisli continues to be so well maintained for a long period. 
While, however, the chromatin supply of the crayfish cell is not 
so markedly affected during the progress of these events, it is quite the 
contrary in the more differentiated cell. When the hypertrophy of both 
elements reaches a certain grade, its visible result is a renewed out- 
pouring of chroniatin, first massed about the nuclear membrane then 
diffused toward the periphery. This stage of secondary output is sharply 
