IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
7T 
Family Moraceae. 
i 
Red Mulberry {Morus ruhra L.). The compound fleshy fruit (sorosis) 
consists of an aggregation of small one-seeded drupes, each surrounded 
by the flesny calj’^x-lobes. They are eaten by many birds, and the hard 
seeds are voided uninjured, and thus carried far away from the parent 
trees. The Mulberry is found abundantly in the Missouri forests, from 
which it has extended northwestward along the eastern border of the 
state to Cedar county (21). 
Family Oleaceae. 
White Ash {Fraxinus americana L.) is common in the Missouri for- 
est area, from which it has extended up along the eastern border of the 
state (22) to Sarpy county. 
Green Ash (Faxinus lanceolata Berk.) is also common in the Mis- 
souri forest area, from which it has spread westward and northward along 
the river valleys, across the state (24) to the western counties. 
Red Ash {Faxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) is found with the preced- 
ing (23) and apparently has been disseminated with it. 
Family Pomaceae. 
Prairie Apple or Western Crab-Apple (Malus iowensis (Wood) Britt.). 
The fleshy fruit contains five two-seeded carpels, and is eaten by swine, 
cattle, sheep, horses and probably by deer, rabbits, woodchucks and a 
few other quadrupeds. Such fruits as are carried short distances and 
then dropped whole, or partially eaten, may supply seeds from which new 
trees may spring. This species is abundant in the Missouri forests, 
from which it has extended its range into Nebraska along the Missouri 
river and up the Niobrara river to Brown county (^5). It has been 
distributed up the Nemaha river valley to Gage county, and the Platte 
river valley to Butler county. 
Blackthorn (Crataegus tomentosa L.) occurs in the Missouri forests, 
from which it has moved up the river into the southeastern counties, 
from Richardson to Lancaster and Douglas (26). 
Downy Haw (Crataegus mollis (T. & G.) Scheele) occurs in the Mis- 
souri forests, and has extended its range apparently with the preceding 
species to Lancaster and Douglas counties (27). 
Juneberry (AmelancMer canadensis (L.) Med.). The little hard- 
seeded apples have a soft edible flesh which is greedily eaten by birds. 
Many of the seeds pass through the alimentary canal uninjured and are 
thus distributed over considerable distances. This species occurs in the 
Missouri forests, from which it has moved up the valley of the Missouri 
river as far as Sarpy county (30). 
Family Drupaceae. 
Choke Cherry (Prunus virginiana L.) is found in the Missouri forests, 
from which it has been carried northward along the Missouri river as 
far as Sarpy county, and westward in the Nemaha, Blue and Republican 
river valleys to Franklin county (31). 
