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IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
*=>Lowest leaf of the inflorescence not appearing as a continuation of the 
stem or if so deeply channeled along the upper side. 
t Leaf-blade transversely flattened, the surface facing the stem, terete and 
channeled, without septa. 
Flowers bracteolate, inserted singly on the branches of the inflorescence, 
sometimes clustered. 
Leaf-blade flat, sometim.es involute in drying ; stem leaves none ; perianth- 
parts acute or acuminate. 3. J. tenuis. 
Leaf-blade terete, channeled along the upper side ; seed tailed. 4. J. 
vaseyi. 
Flowers not bracteolate, in true heads on branches of the inflorescence. 
Stem erect, anthers brownish red ; capsiile not mucronate. 5‘. J. mar- 
(jinatus. 
tf Leaf-blade not transversely flattened, usually terete, hollow, with septa. 
Stamens 6, opposite the perianth-parts. 
Leaf-blades erect ; inner perianth-parts longer than the outer. 6. J. 
nodosus. 
Leaf-blades abruptly divergent from the stem ; outer perianth-parts longer 
than the inner. 7. J. iorreyi. 
Stamens 3, none opposite the inner perianth-parts. 
Seed one-third to one line long. 8. J. canadensis. 
Seed one-fourth of a line or less in length. 9. J. acuminatns. 
1. JUNCUS EFFUSUS L. Sp. PI. 320. 1753. 
Rootstock stout, running, branching, proliferous, with brown bracts, 
1 — 2 lines thick; stems 15 — 50 inches high, striate below the inflorescence, 
soft; basal leaves rudimentary, filiform; stem leaves none; inflorescence 
a small congested cluster or else expanded into a panicle which may be 
2 — 4 inches long, lowest bract 2 — 10 inches long and appearing as a con- 
tinuation of the stem, ether bracts minute; perianth 1 — 2 lines long, the 
parts lanceolate, acuminate, green; stamens 3, filaments longer than the 
anthers; capsule obovoid, 3-celled, dehiscent; seed oblong, oblique, retic- 
ulate in about IG rows. Type locality: ''HaMtat in Europae uliginosis." 
Although this species is widely distributed throughout North Amer- 
ica it seems to be rare in Iowa. It was first reported by Professor Arthur 
in 1876. In 1905 Mr. Cratty reported the species as occurring in Mus- 
catine, Webster and Woodbury counties. 
Arthur, J. C. Contributions to the Flora of Iowa. p. 32, 187G. 
Cratty, It. 1. The Iowa Naturalist, Vol. 1, No. 4, p. 72, October, 1905. 
2. JuNCUS BALTTCUS Willd. Berlin Mag. 3: 298. 1809. 
Rootstock slender, creeping, 1 — 2 lines in thickness, horizontal, often 
a foot or more in length; stems dark green, 10 — 40 inches high, 1 — 2 
lines thick, arising at intervals in a row from the rootstocks; basal leaves 
represented by bladeless brown sheaths; panicle 1 — 3 inches high; peri- 
anth 1 — 3 lines long, the parts lanceolate and usually acute, subequal, 
brown, with a green midrib and hyaline margins; style a line or less in 
length; stigmas shorter; stamens 6, shorter than the perianth; anthers 
less than a line in length and much longer than the filaments; capsule 
1 — 2 lines long, ovoid, mucronate, pale or dark brown, 3-celled; seeds 
narrowly obovoid or oblong, oblique, about 40-striate. 
This species is found in Asia, Europe and America. The range in 
Ameri^’a is from Labrador to Alaska, southivard to southern New York, 
Ohio, Illinois, Iowa and Wyoming. 
