142 
IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
This species, like the preceding, has a wide range, as it is found 
from Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to New Jersey, Virginia, 
K^entucky, Kansas, Wyoming and California. It is also credited to 
northern Europe. The habitat is moist rich soil in open places. The 
flowers bloom in May and June and the berries ripen in June and July. 
Type locality: '"Habitat in Canada.” 
In Iowa the species is more or less frequent and fairly distributed. 
Specimens at hand are from Winneshiek, Johnson, Emmet and Lyon 
counties. The species was observed in Henry and Des Moines counties. 
The State University herbarium has specimens from Story, Calhoun, 
Pottawattamie and Winnebago counties. Professor Pammel reported the 
species from Woodbury county; Professor BUnk from Payette county; 
Barnes, Reppert and Miller from Scott and Muscatine counties; and 
Peck from Hardin county. 
Parry, C. C. Owen's Report of the Geological Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa and 
Minnesota, p. 019, 1852. 
Bessey, C. E. Fourth Biennial Report of the Iowa State Agricultural Col- 
lege, p. 122, 1872. 
Arthur, ,T. C. Contributions to the Flora of Iowa, p. 32, 1876. 
Nagel, J. J. and Haupt, .1. G. Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of 
Natural Sciences, Vol. 1, p. 104. 1870. 
Hitchcock, A. S. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, Vol. 
5, p. 520, 1892. 
Pammel, L. H. l*roceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1892, Vol. 1, 
part 3, p. 00, 1893; Vol. 3, 1895, p. 134, 1896; VoL 9, 1901, p. 173, 1902. 
Rigg, G. B. Notes on the Flora of Calhoun County, Iowa, p. 26, 1896. 
Fink. Bruce. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1896, ol. 4, p. 
103, 1897. 
Shimek, B. I’roceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1897, Vol. 5, p. 
31, 1898 ; Iowa Geological Survey, Vol. 10, p. 177, 1900. 
Fitzpatrick, T. J. Proceedinjs of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1897, Vol. 
5, p. 129, 1898. 
Fitzpatrick, T. J. and M. F. L. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 
1897, Vol. 5, p. 166, 1898. 
Barnes, W. I). ; Reppert, Fred ; and Miller, A. A. IT'oceedings of the Daven- 
port Academy of Sciences, Vol. 8, p. 261, 1900. 
Cratty, R. 1. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1903, Vol. 11, 
p. 216, 1904. 
Peck, Morton E. I’roceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1904, Vol. 
12, p. 203, 1905. 
3. UNIFOLIUM Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 54. 1763. 
Low herbs, with slender rootstocks, erect simple stems, a few petioled 
or sessile leaves, and small w’hite 4-parted flowers arranged in a ter- 
minal raceme. Stamens 4, inserted at the bases of the 4 perianth-seg- 
ments; filaments filiform; anthers introrse. Ovary sessile, globose, 
2-celled, with two ovules in each cell; style 2-lobed or 2-cleft, of about 
the length of the ovary. Berry globular, 1 — 2-seeded. 
1. Unifolium canadense (Desf.) Greent. Two-leaved Solomon's 
Seal. 
Maianthemum canadense Desf. Ann. Mus. Paris 9 : 54. 1807. 
Smilacina hifolia var. canadensis A. Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 467. 1856. 
Unifolium canadense Greene, Bull. Torr. Club, 15 : 287. 1888. 
