144 
iOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Whole plant glabrous; stem 1—8 feet high, slender or stout; leaves 
varying from oval to ovate or lanceolate, the apex acute, acuminate, or 
blunt, 1 6 inches long, 1 — 4 inches wide, base narrow, rounded, and 
somewhat clasping, with a transverse joint-like thickening; lower surface 
of the leaves lighter green than the upper; peduncles 1 — 8-flowered, three 
inches or less in length; pedicels 2 — 8 lines long, jointed near the base of 
the flov/er; perianth greenish, tubular, 6—10 lines long, the six lobes 
erect, filaments flattish, smooth, adnate; berry 4 — 6 lines in diameter. 
Type locality; “Ad specim.en in Herb. Cli Martins a Do. Schweinitz in 
Pennsylvania lectum.” 
This more or less variable species occurs from Rhode Island to 
Ontario and Manitoba, south to Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Utah and 
New Mexico. In Iowa the species is frequent in moist woods throughout 
the state. The flowers appear in May, June and July. 
Specimens at hand are from WTnneshiek, Johnson, Appanoose, Decatur, 
Ringgold, Pottawattamie, Shelby, Emmet and Lyon counties. The 
writer has observed the species growing in Clayton, Dubuque and Page 
counties. The State University herbarium contains specimens from Lee, 
Henry and Winnebago counties. Professor Pammel reported the species 
from Woodbury and Hamilton counties; Professor Bessey from Story 
county; Professor Fink from Fayette county; Barnes, Reppert and Miller 
from Scott and Muscatine counties; and Peck from Hardin county. 
Bessey, C. E. Fourth Biennial Report of the Iowa State Agricultural Col- 
lege, p. 123, 1872. 
Arthur, J. C. Contributions to the Flora of Iowa, p. 22, 1876. 
Nagel, .1. J. and Haupt, J. (1. Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of 
Natural Sciences, A'ol. 1, p. 164, 1876. 
Hitchcock, A. S. Transactions of the Academy of Science of Sf. Louis, Vol 
5, p. 520, 1892. 
Shimek, B. Bulletin from the Laboratory of Natural History of the State 
University of Iowa, A’ol. 3, No. 4, p. 212, February, 1896. 
Pammel, L. II. I'roceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1895, Vol. 3, 
p. 134, 1896. 
Fink, Bruce. I'roceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1896, Vol. 4, p. 
103, 1897. 
Fitzpatrick, T. J. 1‘roceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1897, Vol. 
5, p. 129, 1898. 
Fitzpatrick, T. J. and AI. F. L. I’roceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 
1897, Vol. 5, p. 166, 1898; A’ol. 6, 1898, p. 198, 1899. 
Barnes, AV. D. ; Reppert, Fred : and Aliller, A. A. Proceedings of the Daven- 
port Academy of Sciences, A^ol. 8, p. 261, 1900. 
Cratty, R. 1. I*roceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1903, Vol. 11, 
p. 216, 1904. 
Alueller, II. A. I'roceedings of tlie Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1903, Vol. 11, 
p. 278, 1904. 
Peck, Alorton E. 1‘roceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1904, A'ol. 
12, p. 204, 1905 
2. PoLYGONATUM BiFLORUM (Walt.) Ell. Hali’y Solomon’s Seal. 
Convallaria hiflora AValt. FI. Car. 122. 1788. 
Polygonatum Mflorum Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1 : 393. 1817. 
This species is a lower plant than the preceding. It differs mainly in 
having the leaves pubescent especially on the veins and pale beneath, th-e 
peduncles 1 — 4-flowered, but frequently 2-flowered and the filiform fila- 
ments papillose roughened; berry 3 — 4 lines in diameter. The type iocaU 
ity is given as South Carolina. 
