150 
IOWA ACAEMMY OF SCiENCES 
Stems perennial, woody, usually armed witli prickles. 
Leaves lanceolate to round ovate, 5-nerved. 8. S. rotundifoUa. 
Leaves ovate, 7-nerved. 4. 8. hispida. 
Leaves round-ovate, usually narrowed at the middle, 7 — 9-nerved. 5. 8. 
pseudocMna. 
1. Smilax hekbacea L. Sp. PL 1030. 1753. Carrion-flower, 
8milax piilverulenta Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 : 288. 1808. 
8milax pedunciilaris Muhl. ; Wiild. Sp. PI. 4 : 780. 1800. 
Coprosmanlhtis pcduncularis Kunth, Enum. 5 : 204. 1850. 
t'oprosmantUus licrhaceiis Kunth, Enum. 5 : 205. 1850. 
Tubers numerous, short and thick, scarred; stem terete or somewhat 
angled, glabrous, more or less branched; tendrils numerous; leaves ovate 
or rounded, sometimes lanceolate, the apex acute, acuminate or cuspi- 
date, base obtuse or cordate, thin, sometimes downy beneath, 7 — 9-nerved, 
2 — 5 inches long, 1 — 4 inches wide, petioles from one-half inch to four 
inches long'; peduncles 4 — 9 inches long, flattened; umbels usually many 
flowered; pedicels 3 — 10 lines long; flowers ill-scented; stamens 6, some- 
tim^es 5 cr 7; berries bluish black, 3 — 4 lines in diameter, 2 — 4-seeded. 
This species is frequent in thickets throughout Iowa. The flowers 
appear in April, May or June, and the fruit ripens in July or August. 
The species ranges widely, being found from the Dakotas southward to 
Nebraska and Louisiana, eastward to Florida and New Brunswick. 
Linnaeus gave the type locality as: ‘'HaMtat in Virginia, Marilandia.” 
Specimens in the writer’s herbarium are from Winneshiek, Dubuque, 
Johnson, Jefferson, Appanoose, Decatur, Union, Shelby and Lyon coun- 
ties. The species was seen growing in Allamakee county. Specimens in 
the State University herbarium are from the additional counties of Han- 
cock, Emmet, Floyd and Jones. Professor Pammel reported the species 
from Woodbury county; Barnes, Reppert, and Miller from Scott and Mus- 
catine counties; Professor Bessey from Story and Poweshiek counties, 
and Peck from Hardin county. Forms occur having no tendrils and 
some forms have the stems glaucous and the under surfaces of the leaves 
puberulent. 
Bessey, C. E. Fourth Biennial Report of the Iowa State Agricultural Col- 
lege, p. 122, 1872. 
Arthur. .7. C. Contributions to the Flora of Iowa, p. 32, 1876. 
Nagel, J. J. and Ilaupt, J. G. Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of 
Natural Sciences, Vol. 1, p. 104. 1876. 
Fpham, Warren. Catalogue of the Flora of Minnesota, p. 143, 1884. 
Hitchcock, A. S. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, Vol. 
5. p. 520, 1802. 
Pammel. L. II. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1892, Vol. 1, 
part 3, p. 60, 1893: 1895, Vol. 3. p. 133, 1896; 1901, Vol. 9, p. 173, 1902. 
Fink, Bruce. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1896, Vol. 4, 
p. 103, 1897. 
Shimek. B. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1897, Vol. 5, p. 
31, 1898; Iowa Geological Survey, Vol. 10, p. 176, 1900. 
Fitzpatrick, T. ,1. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1897, Vol. 
5, p. 129, 1898. 
Fitzpatrick, T. .7. and M. F. L. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 
1897, Vol. 5, p. 165, 1898; 1898, Vol. 6, p. 198, 1899. 
