RELATION OF THE MOTOR NERVE ENDINGS TO VOLUNTARY 
MUSCLE IN THE FROG. 
BY B. A. PLACE. 
Plate XXVllI. 
This is a subject upon which most authorities differ widely, and few, 
if any, agree upon all points entirely. It is therefore, an inviting field 
for research. Because of the extreme diversity of opinions current it 
has seemed best to me to formulate them in a brief way before giving 
the results of my own observations. 
It seems to be generally agreed that there are at least some nerve 
endings distributed to every voluntary muscle fibre. As nothing to the 
contrary has been found in my work this matter will not be referred to 
again in this paper. The points on which difference of opinion are 
based are as follows, and will be discussed in the same order. (1). Is 
there an end plate or localized accumulation of specialized muscular 
tissue in which the branches of the axis-cylinder terminate? (2). What 
is the relation of the ultimate branches of the axis-cylinder to the sarco- 
lemma? (3). Where does the sheath of Henle stop, also the medullary 
sheath and the neurilemma? (4). What is the appearance and disposi- 
tion of the ultimate branches of the axis-cylinder? 
The Huber-Dewitt paper states that “Kuhne deserves the credit of 
the discovery that the axis-cylinder terminates under the sarcolemma 
in the nucleated granular substance which he describes as the sole 
(Sohle); the nuclei as sole nuclei (Sohlenkerne) ”. It also states that 
Kuhne makes the hypothesis that the sole is “muscle protoplasm sar- 
coglia or sarcoplasm, while the nuclei of the sole might be likened to 
muscle nuclei”. To quote them still further: “This interpretation of the 
granular sole and its nuclei suggested itself to us before Kuhne’s similar 
observation was definitely understood.” They add this feature to its 
description: “As is well known in Amphibia, the axis-cylinder of the 
motor fibre terminating in striped muscle does not end in a localized 
area (birds, reptilia and mammalia), but ramifies over a proportionately 
much larger area. Conditions here presented are therefore very similar 
to those in such as present a localized motorial ending with the distinc- 
tion that in the later the axis-cylinder terminates in a localized elevation — ■ 
the sole — which has been interpreted as a circumscribed accumulation of 
sarcoplasm surrounding the ramified ending of the axis-cylinder and 
extending like it over a larger proportionate area of the muscle fibre.” 
Wilson makes this statement denjdng the existence of any ground plate 
at all:' “In the frog’s muscle the nerve ending has no ground plate in 
