517] Museum-History and Museums of History. 273 
ticular towns, events, and individuals. The museuna of 
the city of Paris, in the Hotel des Invalides, is one of 
these. The museum of the Hohenzollerns, in Berlin, con- 
tains interesting mementoes of the reigning family of Ger- 
many. The cathedrals of southern Europe, and St. 
Paul's, in London, are in some degrees national or civic 
museums. The Galileo Museum in Florence, the Shake- 
speare Museum at Stratford, are good examples of the 
museums devoted to the memory of representative men 
and the Monastery of St. Mark, in Florence, does as much 
as could be expected of any museum for the life of 
Savonarola. The Soane Museum in London, the Thorvald- 
sen Museum in Copenhagen, are similar in purpose and 
result, but they are rather biographical than historical. 
There are also others which illustrate the history of a race, 
as the Bavarian National Museum in Nuremberg. 
The study of civilization, or the history of culture and 
of the developments of the various arts and industries 
have brought into being special collections, which are ex- 
ceedingly significant and useful. Dr. Klemm and Gen. 
Pitt-Rivers, in England, were pioneers in the founding of 
collections of this kind, and their work is permanently pre- 
served in the Museum fiir Volkerkunde, in Leipzig and at 
the University of Oxford. 
Nearly every museum which admits ethnological material 
is doing something in this direction. There are a number 
of beginnings of this sort in this very building. 
The best of the art museums are historically arranged, 
and show admirably the development of the pictorial and 
plastic arts — some, like that in Venice, for a particular 
school ; some that of a country, some that of different 
countries side by side. 
The art museum, it need scarcely be said, contains, more 
than any other, the materials which I should like to see 
utilized in the historical museum. 
Incidentally or by direct intention, a large collection of 
local paintings, such as those in Venice or Florence, brings 
vididly into mind the occurrences of many periods of his- 
