30 
ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 
misfakable evidence of consciousness and intelligence. 
This observer had an opportunity of watching them for a 
long time in the zoological station at Naples ; and he 
says that they appeared to recognise their keeper after 
thev had for some time received their food from him. 
*/ , 
Hoilmann narrates that an octopus, which had had a 
struggle with a lobster, followed the latter into an adjacent 
tank, to which it had been removed for safety, and there 
destroyed it. In order to do this the octopus had to 
climb up a vertical partition above the surface of the 
water and descend the other side . 1 According to 
Schneider, the Cephalopoda have an abstract idea of 
water, seeking to return to it when removed, even though 
they do not see it. But this probably arises from the 
sense of discomfort due to exposure of their skin to the 
air ; and if we can call it an 6 idea,’ it is doubtless shared 
bv all other aquatic Mollusca when exposed to air. 
1 Leben der Ceplialopoden , s. 21. 
