CHAPTER II L 
ANTS. 
Within the last ten or twelve years our information on 
the habits and intelligence of these insects has been so 
considerably extended, that in here rendering a condensed 
epitome of our knowledge in this most interesting branch 
of comparative psychology, it will be found that the 
chapter is constituted principally of a statement of observa- 
tions and experiments which have been conducted during the 
short period named. The observers to whom we are mainly 
indebted for this large increase of our knowledge are Messrs. 
Bates, Belt, Muller, Moggridge, Lincecum, MacCook, and 
Sir John Lubbock. From the fact that these naturalists 
conducted their observations in different parts of the 
world and on widely different species of ants, it is not 
surprising that their results should present many points 
of difference ; for this only shows, as we might have ex- 
pected, that different species of ants differ considerably in 
habits and intelligence. Therefore, in now drawing all 
these numerous observations to a focus, I shall endeavour 
to show clearly their points of difference as well as their 
points of agreement ; and in order that the facts to be 
considered may be arranged in some kind of order, I shall 
deal with them under the following heads : — Powers of 
special sense ; Sense of direction ; Powers of memory ; 
Emotions ; Powers of communication ; Habits general in 
sundry species ; Habits peculiar to certain species ; Genera) 
intelligence of various species. 
Powers of Special Sense . 
Taking first the sense of sight, Sir John Lubbock made 
a number of experiments on the influence of light coloured 
by passing through various tints of stained glass, with the 
a. 
