ANTS -SLAVE-MAKING. 
65 
When the pupae hatch out in the nest of their captors, 
the young slaves begin their life of work, and seem to 
regard their master’s home as their own ; for they never 
attempt to escape, and they fight no less keenly than their 
masters in defence of the nest. F sanguined content 
themselves with fewer slaves than do F ’. rufescens ; and 
the work that devolves upon the slaves differs according 
to the species which has enslaved them. In the nests of 
F sanguined the comparatively few captives are kept as 
household slaves ; they never either enter or leave the 
nest, and so are never seen unless the nest is opened. 
They are then very conspicuous from the contrast which 
their black colour and small size present to the red colour 
and much larger size of F. rufescens . As the slaves are 
by this species kept strictly indoors, all the outdoor work 
of foraging, slave-capturing, &c., is performed by the 
masters ; and when for any reason a nest has to migrate, 
the masters carry their slaves in their jaws. F. rufescens , 
on the other hand, assigns a much larger share of labour 
to the slaves, which, as we have already seen, are present 
In much larger numbers to take it. In this species the 
males and fertile females do no work of any kind ; and 
the workers, or sterile females, though most energetic in 
capturing slaves, do no other kind of work. Therefore 
the whole community is absolutely dependent upon its 
slaves. The masters are not able to make their own nests 
or to feed their own larvae. When they migrate, it is the 
slaves that determine the migration, and, reversing the 
order of things that obtains in F. sanguined , carry their 
masters in their jaws. Huber shut up thirty masters 
without a slave and with abundance of their favourite 
food, and also with their own larvae and pupae as a stimulus 
to work ; but they could not feed even themselves, and 
many died of hunger. He then introduced a single slave, 
and she at once set to work, fed the surviving masters, 
attended to the larvae, and made some cells. 
In order to confirm this observation, Lespes placed a 
piece of sugar near a nest of slave-makers. It was soon 
found by one of the slaves, which gorged itself and re- 
turned to the nest. Other slaves then came out and did 
