ANTS — GENERAL INTELLIGENCE. 
127 
division of labour is practised by the ants. The result of 
these observations was to show that during the winter- 
time, when the ants are not active, certain individuals are 
told off to forage for supplies, and that when any casualty 
overtakes these individuals, others are told off to supply 
their places. Thus, in the words of Sir John Lubbock’s 
analysis of his lengthy tables,— 
The feeders at the beginning of the experiment were those 
known to us as Nos. 5, 6, and 7. On the 22nd of November a 
friend, registered as No. 8, ca,me to the honey, and again on the 
11th December ; but with these two exceptions the whole of 
the supplies were carried in by Nos. 5 and 6, with a little help 
from No. 7. Thinking now it might be alleged that possibly these 
were me.rely unusually active or greedy individuals, I im- 
prisoned No. 6 when she came out to feed on the 5th. As will 
be seen from the table, no other ant had been out to the honey 
for some days ; and it could therefore hardly be accidental that 
on that very evening another ant (then registered as No. 9) 
came out for food. This ant, as will be seen from the table, 
then took the place of No. 6 (No. 5 being imprisoned). On the 
11th January No. 9 took in all the supplies, again with a little 
help from No. 7. So matters continued until the 17th, when I 
imprisoned No. 9, and then again, i.e. on the 19th, another ant 
(No. 10) came out for the food, aided, on and after the 22nd, 
by another (No. 1 1 ). This seems to me very curious. From the 1st 
November to the 5th January, with two or three casual excep- 
tions, the whole of the supplies were carried in by three ants, 
one of whom, however, did comparatively little. The other two 
are imprisoned, and then, but not till then, a fresh ant appears 
on the scene. She carries in the food for a week, and then she 
being imprisoned, two others undertake the task. On the 
other hand, in nest 1, when the first foragers were not im- 
prisoned, they continued during the whole time to carry in 
the necessary supplies. 
The facts, therefore, certainly seem to indicate that 
certain ants are told off as foragers, and that during 
winter, when but little food is required, two or three such 
foragers are sufficient to provide it. 
Although Sir John Lubbock’s ants showed such meagre 
resources of intelligent adjustment, other species of ants, 
which we have already had occasion to consider, appear tc 
be as remarkable in this respect as they are in respect of 
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