ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 
£34 
the habit of firmly grasping a sea-anemone in each claw 
and carrying them about, presumably to secure some 
benefit to themselves. The more familiar case of the 
species of anemone which lives on the shells tenanted by 
hermit crabs is of special interest to us on account of a 
remarkable observation published by Mr. Grosse, F.R.S. 
(. Zoologist , June, 1859). He found that on his detaching 
the anemone (Adamsia) from the shell, the hermit crab 
always took it up in its claws and held it against the shell 
‘for the space of ten minutes at a time, until fairly 
attached by a good strong base. 5 It was said by the late 
Dr. Robert Ball that when the common Sagartia para- 
sitica is attached to a stone and a hermit crab is placed in 
its vicinity, the anemone will leave the stone and attach 
itself to the hermit’s shell ( Critic , March 24, 1860). 
Intelligence of Larvce of Certain Insects . 
I shall now allude to some of the more interesting facts 
touching the psychology of insects when in their immature 
or larval state. This is an interesting topic from the 
point of view which we occupy as evolutionists, because a 
caterpillar is really a locomotive and self-feeding embryo, 
whose entire mental constitution is destined to undergo a 
metamorphosis no less complete and profound than that 
which is also destined to take place in its corporeal struc- 
ture. Yet although the caterpillar has an embryo psy- 
chology, its instincts and even intelligence often seem to 
be higher or more elaborated than is the case with the 
imago form. Where such is the case the explanation of 
course must be that it is of more importance to the species 
that the larval form should be in a certain measure in- 
telligent than that the imago form should be so. Every 
larva is a potential imago, or breeding individual ; there- 
fore its life is of no less value to the species during its 
larval than during its adult existence ; and if certain 
instincts or grades of intelligence are of more use to it 
during the former than during the latter period, of course 
natural selection would determine the unusual event which 
we seem here in some cases to see — namely, that the 
