238 
ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 
the triangular end of the case, it entirely changed the 
original plan, and made that end the head which had been 
first designed for the tail.’ 
Another remarkable case of the variation of instinct in 
the Lepidoptera is stated by Bonnet. There are usually, 
he says, two generations of the Angoumois moth : the first 
appear in early summer, and lay their eggs upon the ears 
of wheat in the fields ; the second appear later in the 
summer, or in the autumn, and these lay their eggs upon 
wheat in the granaries ; from these eggs there comes the 
first generation of next year’s moths. This is a highly 
remarkable case — supposing the facts to be as Bonnet 
states ; for it seems that the early summer moths, although 
born in the granaries, immediately fly to the unreaped 
fields to lay their eggs in the standing corn, while the 
autumn moths never attempt to leave the granaries, but 
lay their eggs upon the stored wheat . 1 
Westwood says that — 
A species of Tasmanian caterpillar ( Noctua Ewingii) swarms 
over the land in enormous companies, which regularly begin to 
march at four o’clock in the morning, and as regularly halt at 
midday. Liparis chvysorrhaca , a kind of caterpillar, spins for 
the winter a common web, in which several hundred individuals 
find a common shelter. 2 
According to Kirby and Spence, — 
The larva of the ichneumon, while feeding upon its caterpillar 
host, spares the walls of the intestines until it is time for it to 
escape, when, the life of the caterpillar being no longer necessary 
to its development, it perforates these walls. 3 
The larvae Theda isocrates live in a group of seven or eight 
in the fruit of pomegranate. In consequence of their excava- 
tions within the fruit, the latter is apt to fall ; and to prevent 
its doing so the larvae throw cut a thread of attachment where- 
with to secure the fruit to the branch, so that if the stalk withers, 
this thread serves to suspend the fruit. 4 
The caterpillar of the Bombyx moth, which is a native of 
France, exhibits very wonderful instincts. The larva is gre- 
garious in its habits, each society (family) consisting of perhaps 
1 C Euvres , ix., p. 370. 2 Trans. Ent. Sue., vol. ii. 
s Introd. Ent., Letter xi. 
4 Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc., vol. ii., p. I. 
