246 
ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 
incubating their eggs in their pouches, also displays 
highly elaborated parental feeling . 1 M. Eisso says that 
when the young of the pipe-fish are hatched out, the 
parents show them marked attachment, and that the 
pouch then serves them as a place of shelter or retreat 
from danger . 2 
M. Carbonnier has recorded how the male of the curiously 
grotesque telescope-fish, a variety of Carassius auratus (Linn.), 
acts as accoucheur to the female. Three males pursued one 
fen ale which was heavy with spawn, and rolled her like a ball 
upon the ground for a distance of several metres, and continued 
this process without rest or relaxation for two days, until the 
exhausted female, who had been unable to recover her equili- 
brium for a moment, had at last evacuated all her ova . 3 
That adult fish are capable of feeling affection for one 
another would seem to be well established : thus Jesse relates 
how he once captured a female pike ( Esox lucius) during the 
breeding season, and that nothing could drive away the male 
from the spot at which he had perceived his partner slowly dis- 
appear, and whom he had followed to the edge of the water. 
Mr. Arderon 4 gave an account of how he tamed a dace, 
which would lie close to the glass watching its master; and 
subsequently how he kept two ruffs ( Acerina cernua) in an 
aquarium, where they became very much attached to one 
another. He gave one away, when the other became so miser- 
able that it would not eat, and this continued for nearly three 
weeks. Fearing his remaining fish might die, he sent for its 
former companion, and on the two meeting they became quite 
happy again. Jesse gives a similar account of two gold carp . 5 
Anger is strikingly shown by many fish, and notori- 
ously by sticklebacks when their territory is invaded by a 
neighbour. These animals display a strange instinct of 
appropriating to themselves a certain part of the tank in 
which they may be confined, and furiously attacking any 
other stickleback which may presume to cross the imagi- 
nary frontier. Uunder such circumstances of provocation I 
have seen the whole animal change colour, and, darting at 
1 Kaup, Catal. Lopho. Fish in Brit. Mns. 1856, p. i. 
2 Yarrell, Brit. Fishes , 2nd ed. ii. p. 436. 
8 Compt. Bend., Nov. 4, 1872, p. 1127. 
* Phil. Trans. Royal Society , 1747. 
5 F. Day, loc. cit. 
