250 
ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 
posts fixed upon the banks of a stream on either side of 
a waterfall in Norway, Prof. Landmark has determined 
that this fish is able to rise through the air, by a single 
spring, a vertical distance of sixteen feet. The salmon, 
therefore, may be said to have no competitor in its per- 
formance of the high jump, unless it be the kangaroo, as 
to whose powers in this respect 1 have not been able to 
find trustworthy information. 
General Intelligence . 
With reference to the general intelligence of fish, 
allusion may first be made to their marked increase of 
wariness in waters which are much fished. This shows no 
small degree of intelligence, for the caution is proved to 
be the result of observation by the fact that young trout 
under such circumstances are less wary than old ones. 
Moreover, many fish will abandon old haunts when much 
disturbed. Again, according to Kirby, the carp thrusts 
itself into the mud in order that the net may pass over it, 
or, if the bottom be stony, makes great leaps to clear it. 
At the Andaman Islands fish are captured by the convicts 
by means of weirs fixed across the openings of creeks. After 
existing a week or so, it is observed that captures invariably 
cease; and it is believed that such is due to barnacles, &c., 
clustering on to the wood of which they are composed. It does 
not seem improbable that the fish have learned to avoid a loca- 
lity out of terror at those which enter but do not again return, 
Lacepede 2 relates that some fish, which had been kept 
for many years in a basin of the Tuileries, would come 
when called by their names. Probably it was the sound 
of the voice and not the articulate words to which they 
responded ; for Lacepede also relates that in many parts 
of Germany trout, carp, and tench were summoned to 
their food by the sound of a bell ; and the same thing has 
been recorded of various fish in various localities, notably 
by Sir Joseph Banks, who used to collect his fish by 
sounding a bell. 3 
1 F. Day, loc. cit. 2 Hist, dcs Poiss ., Introd ., cxxx. 
3 For sundry other similar cases see Mr. Day’s excellent paper already 
quoted. 
