328 
ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 
tempt if disapproved of, soon becomes the object of attack and 
persecution. A few dog-fish (Acanthias and Mastelus ), three or 
four feet long, now fell victims to their tyranny, the porpoises 
seizing them by their tails, and swimming off with and 
shaking them in a manner scarcely conducive to their comfort 
or dignified appearance, reminding the spectator of a large dog 
worrying a rat. . . . On one occasion I witnessed the two 
Cetacea acting evidently in concert against one of these unwieldy 
fish (skates), the latter swimming close to the top of the water, 
and seeking momentary respite from its relentless enemies by 
lifting its unfortunate caudal appendage high above its surface 
• — the peculiar tail of the skate being the object of sport to the 
porpoises, which seized it in their mouths as a convenient handle 
whereby to pull the animal about, and worry it incessantly. 
In a subsequent number of ‘ Nature 5 (vol. ix., p. 42) 
Mr. C. Fox writes : — 
Several years ago a herd of porpoises was scattered by a net 
which I had got made to enclose some of them. ... The 
whole ‘ sculle ’ was much alarmed, and two were secured. I 
conclude that their companions retained a vivid remembrance 
of the sea-fight, as these Cetacea , although frequent visitants in 
this harbour (Falmouth) previously, and often watched for. 
Were not seen in it again for two years or more. 
Horse and Ass. 
The horse is not so intelligent an animal as any of the 
larger Carnivora, while among herbivorous quadrupeds his 
sagacity is greatly exceeded by that of the elephant, and in 
a lesser degree by that of his congener the ass. On the 
other hand, his intelligence is a grade or two above that 
of perhaps any ruminant or other herbivorous quadruped. 
The emotional life of this animal is remarkable, in 
that it appears to admit of undergoing a sudden trans- 
formation in the hands of the 6 horse-tamer. 5 The cele- 
brated results obtained by Rarey in this connection have 
since been repeated with more or less success by many 
persons in various parts of the world, and the 6 method ! 
appears to be in all cases essentially the same. The un- 
tamed and apparently untamable animal has its fore- 
leg or legs strapped up, is cast on its side and allowed t ' 
