HORSE. 
329 
struggle for a while. It is then subjected to various 
manipulations, which, without necessarily causing pain, 
make the animal feel its helplessness and the mastery of 
the operator. The extraordinary fact is that, after having 
once felt this, the spirit or emotional life of the animal 
undergoes a complete and sudden change, so that from 
having been 4 wild 5 it becomes 6 tame . 5 In some cases 
there are subsequent relapses, but these are easily 
checked. Even the truly 6 wild 5 horse from the prairie 
admits of being completely subdued in a marvellously 
short time by the Grauchos, who employ an essentially 
similar method, although the struggle is here much 
more fierce and prolonged . 1 The same may be said of 
the taming of wild elephants, although in this case 
the facts are not nearly so remarkable from a psycho- 
logical point of view, seeing that the process of taming is 
so much more slow. 
Another curious emotional feature in the horse is the 
liability of all the other mental faculties of the animal 
to become abandoned to that of terror. For I think I am 
right in saying that the horse is the only animal which, 
under the influence of fear, loses the possession of every 
other sense in one mad and mastering desire to run. 
With its entire mental life thus overwhelmed by the flood 
of a single emotion, the horse not only loses, as other 
animals lose, 6 presence of mind , 5 or a due balance among 
the distinctively intellectual faculties, but even the 
avenues of special sense become stopped, so that the wholly 
demented animal may run headlong and at terrific speed 
against a stone wall. I have known a hare come to grief 
in a somewhat similar fashion when hotly pursued by a 
dog ; this, however, w T as clearly owing to the hare looking 
behind instead of before, in a manner not, under the cir- 
cumstances, unwise ; but, as I have said, there is no animal 
except the horse whose whole psychology is thus liable to 
be completely dominated by a single emotion. 
As for its other emotions, the horse is certainly an 
affectionate animal, pleased at being petted, jealous of 
1 See Mr. Darv.in’s account in Naturalist's Voyage round the World , 
pp. 151-2. 
