330 
ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 
companions receiving favour, greatly enjoying play with 
others of its kind, and also the sport of the hunting-field. 
Lastly, horses exhibit pride in a marked degree, as do also 
mules. Such animals, when well kept, are unmistakably 
pleased with gay trappings, so that 6 in Spain, as a punish- 
ment for disobedience, it is usual to strip the animal of its 
gaudy coronal and bells, and to transfer them to another ; 
(Thompson). 
The memory of the horse is remarkably good, as 
almost every one must have had occasion to observe who 
has driven one over roads which the animal may have 
only once traversed a long time before. As showing the 
duration of memory I may quote the following letter to 
Mr. Darwin from the Eev. Eowland H. Wedgwood, which 
I find among the MSS. of the former : — 
I want to tell you of an instance of long memory in a 
horse. I have just driven my pony down from London here, 
and though she has not been here for eight years, she re- 
membered her way quite well, and made a bolt for the stables 
where I used to keep her. 
A few instances of the display of intelligence by 
members of the horse tribe may bring this section to a 
close. 
Mr. W. J. Fleming writes me concerning a vicious horse 
he had which, while being groomed, frequently used to 
throw a ball of wood attached to his halter at the groom. 
He did so by flexing his fetlock and jamming the ball 
between the pastern and the leg, then throwing the ball 
backwards 4 with great force.’ 
I myself had a horse which was very clever at slipping 
his halter after he knew that the coachman w^as in bed. 
He would then draw out the two sticks in the pipe of the 
oat-bin, so as to let all the oats run down from the bin 
above upon the stable floor. Of course he must have 
observed that this was the manner in which the coachman 
obtained the oats, and desiring to obtain them, did what 
he had observed to be required. Similarly, on other oc- 
casions he used to turn the water-tap to obtain a drink, 
and pull the window cord to open the window on hot nights 
