332 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 
never required to work, but is allowed to live the life of a 
gentleman, for the following reason. Some years ago the lady 
above mentioned fell off a plank bridge into a stream when the 
water was deep. The horse, which was feeding in a field close 
by, ran to the spot, and held her up with his teeth till assist- 
ance arrived, thus probably saving her life. Was this reason 
or instinct h 
Mr. Strickland, also writing to 6 Nature 5 (vol. xix., 
p. 410), says : — 
A mare here had her first foal when she was ten or twelve 
years old. She was blind of one eye. The result was, she 
frequently trod upon the foal or knocked it over when it hap- 
pened to be on the blind side of her, in consequence of which 
the foal died when it was three or four months old. The next 
year she had another foal, and we fully expected the result 
would be the same. But no ; from the day it was born she 
never moved in the stall without looking round to see where 
the foal was, and she never trod upon it or injured it in any 
way. You see that reason did not teach her that she was killing 
her first foal ; her care for the second was the result of memory, 
imagination, and thought after the foal was dead, and before the 
next one was born. The only difference that I can see between 
the reasoning power of men and animals is that the latter is 
applied only to the very limited space of providing for their 
bodily wants, whereas that of men embraces a vast amount of 
other objects besides this. 
Houzeau (vol. ii., p. 207) says that the mules used in 
the tramways at New Orleans prove that they are able to 
count five ; for they have to make five journeys from one 
end of the tramway to the other before they are released, 
and they make four of these journeys without showing 
that they expect to be released, but bray at the end of 
the fifth. This observation, however, requires to be con- 
firmed, for unless carefully made we must suppose that 
the fact may be due to the mules seeing the ostler wait- 
ing to take them out. 
Mr. Samuel Groodbehere, solicitor, writes me from 
Birmingham the following instance as having fallen under 
his own observation 
We had a Welsh cob pony or Galloway about 14 hands 
high, who was occasionally kept in a shed (in a farmyard), 
