334 
ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 
Ruminants . 
Concerning sympathy, Major-General Sir George Le 
Grand Jacob, C.B., &c., writes me of instances which he 
observed of doe ibexes raising with their heads the buck? 
which he shot, and supporting them during flight. 
A vivid and intelligent class of emotions, in which 
sympathy and rational fear are blended, seem to be ex- 
hibited by cattle in slaughterhouses. Many years ago a 
pamphlet was written upon the subject, and more recently 
Mr. Robert Hamilton, F.C.S., without apparently knowing 
of this previous publication, wrote another pamphlet, con- 
veying precisely similar statements. These are too long 
to quote in extenso ; but from a letter which the latter 
gentleman writes to me I may make the following ex- 
tract : — 
The animal witnessing the process of killing, flaying, &c., 
repeated on one after another of its fellows, gets to comprehend 
to the full extent the dreadful ordeal, and as it mentally grasps 
the meaning of it all, the increasing horror depicted in its con- 
dition can be clearly seen. Of course some portray it much 
more vividly than others ; the varying intelligence manifested in 
this respect is only another link which knits them in oneness 
with the human family. 
Pride is well marked in sheep and cattle, as shown by 
the depressing effects produced on a 6 bell-wether J or 
leading cow by transferring the bell to another member of 
the herd ; and it is said that in Switzerland the beasts 
which on show days are provided with garlands, are 
evidently aware of the distinction thus placed upon them. 
With some amount of poetic exaggeration this fact is 
noted by Schiller, who says in 6 Wilhelm Tell,’ — 
See with what pride your steer his garland wears; 
He knows himself the leader of the herd ; 
But strip him of it, and he J d die of grief. 
With regard to the general intelligence of ruminants 
I may first quote the following - 
The sagacity with which the bisons defend themselves 
