336 
ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 
which displays a level of intelligence in this animal sur- 
passing that which is met with in most Carnivora . 1 
Livingstone also says : — 
It is curious to observe the intelligence of game ; in districts 
where they are much annoyed by fire-arms they keep out on 
the most open spots of country they can find, in order to have 
a widely extended range of vision, and a man armed is carefully 
shunned. . . . But here, where they are killed by the arrows 
of the Balonda, they select for safety the densest forest, where 
the arrow cannot be easily shot . 2 
Jesse, who had many opportunities of observing the 
fact, says : — 
I have been much delighted with watching the manner in 
which some of the old bucks in Bushey Park continue to get the 
berries from the fine thorn trees there. They will raise them- 
selves on their hind legs give a spring, entangle their horns in 
the lower branches of the tree, give them one or two shakes, 
and they will then quietly pick them up . 3 
The same author elsewhere says : — 
Few things, indeed, can show more forcibly the powerful 
instinct which is implanted in animals for their self-preservation 
than the means which they take to avoid danger. I saw an 
instance of this lately in a stag. It had been turned out before 
a pack of hounds, and, when somewhat pressed by them, I ob- 
served it twice to go amongst a flock of sheep, and in both cases 
to double back, evidently, I should imagine, with the intention 
of baffling the pursuit of the dogs. It would thus seem that 
the animal was aware of its being followed by the scent, and 
not by sight. If this be the case, it affords another proof that 
animals are possessed of something more than common instinct . 4 
This author also says that he has 6 frequently observed 
the buffalo at the Zoological Farm on Kingston Hill 5 
display the following proof of intelligence. Being of a 
ferocious disposition, a strong iron ring was fixed through 
the septum of his nose, to which a chain about two feet 
long was attached. At the free end of the chain there 
was another ring about four inches in diameter. c In 
grazing the buffalo must have put his feet on this ring, 
s Missionary Travels , p. 328. 2 Ibid ,, p. 280. 
3 Gleanings , &c , vol. i., p. 20. 4 lbid. } vol. ii., p. 20. 
