338 
ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 
crouched as close as it could lie, when the other walked 
over its back.’ This manoeuvre on the part of goats has 
also been recorded by other writers, and is not so incre- 
dible as it may at first sight appear, if we remember that 
in their wild state these animals must not unfrequently 
find themselves in this predicament. 
Mr. Wo Forster, writing from Australia, gives me the 
following account of the intelligence of a bull : — 
A rather tame bull, bred of a milch cow, used to puzzle me 
by being found inside a paddock used for cultivation, and en- 
closed by a two-railed fence, of which the lower rail was unu- 
sually high. At last I saw the animal lie down close to the 
fence, and roll over on his back, with four legs in the air, by 
which proceeding he was inside the paddock. I never knew 
another beast perform this feat ; and although it must have been 
often done in the presence of a number of cows, not one of them 
ever imitated it, though they would all have unquestionably 
followed the bull through an opening in the fence, or by the 
slip- rails. 
Mr. Gr. S. Erb, writing from Salt Lake City, gives me 
an interesting account of the sagacity displayed by the wild 
deer of the United States in avoiding gun-traps, which, 
except for the cutting of the string, to which the teeth of 
the animal are not so well adapted, is strikingly similar 
to the sagacity which we shall see to be displayed in this 
respect by sundry species of Carnivora. He says : — - 
My method was this : I would fell or cut down a maple tree, 
the top of which they are very partial to 3 and as the ground 
was invariably covered with snow to the depth of 12 inches, 
food was scarce, and the deer would come and browse, probably 
from hearing the tree fall. I would place a loaded gun 20 feet 
from the top of the tree at which it was pointing ; I would 
attach a line the size of an ordinary fish-line to a lever that 
pressed against the trigger ; the other end of the line I would 
fasten to the tree-top. By this means the deer could not pass 
between the tree and the gun without getting shot, or at least 
shot at ; but I never succeeded in killing one when my line was 
as large as a fish-line, i.e. about one-sixteenth of an inch in thick- 
ness. Commencing at the body of the tree on one side, the deer 
would eat all the tops to within 12 inches of the line, and then 
go around the gun and eat all on the other side, never touching 
