ELEPHANT— EMOTIONS, 389 
by wounded elephants. For instance, Sir E. Tennent 
writes t— 
Some years ago an elephant which had been wounded by a 
native, near Hambangtotte, pursued the man into the town, 
followed him along the street, trampled him to death in the 
bazaar before a crowd of terrified spectators, and succeeded in 
making good its retreat to the jungle. 
Many other cases of vindictiveness, more or less well 
authenticated, may be found mentioned by Broderip , 1 
Bingley , 2 Mrs. Lee , 3 Swain son , 4 and Watson . 5 This trait 
of emotional character seems to be more generally present 
in the elephant than in any other animal, except perhaps 
the monkey. 
Another emotion strongly developed in the elephant is 
sympathy. Numberless examples on this head might be 
adduced, but one or two may suffice. Bishop Huber saw 
an old elephant fall down from weakness, and another 
elephant was brought to assist the fallen one to rise. 
Huber says he was much struck with the almost human 
expression of surprise, alarm, and sympathy manifested by 
the second elephant on witnessing the condition of the 
first. A chain was fastened round the neck and body of 
the sick animal, which the other was directed to pull. 
For a minute or two the healthy elephant pulled strongly ; 
but on the first groan given by its distressed companion 
it stopped abruptly, 6 turned fiercely round with a loud 
roar, and with trunk and fore-feet began to loosen the 
chain from the neck . 5 
Again, Sir E. Tennent says : — - 
The devotion and loyalty which the herd evince to their 
leader are very remarkable. This is more readily seen in the 
case of a tusker than any other, because in a herd he is gene- 
rally the object of the keenest pursuit by the hunters. On such 
occasions the others do their utmost to protect him from danger : 
when driven to extremity they place their leader in the centre 
1 Zoological Recreations , p. 315. 
2 Animal Biography, i , pp. 156-8. 
8 Anecdotes of Animals , p. 27 6. 
4 Habits and, Instincts of Animals, p. 37. 
5 Reasoning Power of Animals, chap. iv. 
