ELEPHANT — EMOTIONS. 
393 
The elephant in many respects displays strange pe- 
culiarities of emotional temperament. Thus Mr. Corse 
says : — 6 If a wild elephant happens to be separated from 
its young for only two or three days, though giving suck, 
she never after recognises or acknowledges it ; 5 1 yet the 
young one knows its dam, and cries plaintively for her 
assistance. 
Again, in the wild state, the spirit of exclusiveness 
shown by members of a herd ( i.e . family) towards elephants 
of other herds is remarkable. Sir E. Tennent writes : — - 
If by any accident an elephant becomes hopelessly separated 
from his own herd, he is not permitted to attach himself to any 
other. He may browse in the vicinity, or frequent the same 
place to drink and to bathe ; but the intercourse is only on a 
distant and conventional footing, and no familiarity or intimate 
association is under any circumstances permitted. To such a 
height is this exclusiveness carried, that even amidst the terror 
of an elephant corral, when an individual, detached from his 
own party in the melee and confusion, has been driven into the 
enclosure with an unbroken herd, I have seen him repulsed in 
every attempt to take refuge among them, and driven off by 
heavy blows with their trunks as often as he attempted to in- 
sinuate himself within the circle which they had formed for 
common security. There can be no reasonable doubt that this 
jealous and exclusive policy not only contributes to produce, but 
mainly serves to perpetuate, the class of solitary elephants which 
are known by the term goondahs in India, and which from their 
vicious propensities and predatory habits are called Hot a , or 
Hogues , in Ceylon. 1 2 
The emotional temper, or rather transformation of 
emotional psychology, which is exhibited by the Rogues 
here mentioned, is as extraordinary as it is notorious. 
From being a peaceable, sympathetic, and magnanimous 
animal, the elephant, when excluded from the society of 
its kind, becomes savage, cruel, and morose to a degree un- 
equalled in any other animal. The repulsive accounts of 
the bloodthirsty rage and wanton destructiveness of Rogues 
show that their actions are not due to sudden bursts of 
fury at the sight of man or his works, but rather to a 
1 Philosophical Transactions , 1873. 
2 JVaf'tn'o 1 TTisfor ?/ of Crvlon. r*. 114. 
