JACKAL AND DOGr. 435 
must appear that this example of collective instinct is due to 
‘separate expression,’ and not to 4 inherited habit.’ 
Oases of collective instinct are not of un frequent occurrence 
among dogs. For the accuracy of the two following I can 
vouch. A small Skye and a large mongrel were in the habit of 
hunting hares and rabbits upon their own account, the small 
dog having a good nose, and the larger one great fleetness. 
These qualities they combined in the most advantageous 
manner, the terrier driving the cover towards his fleet-footed 
companion which was waiting for it outside. 
The second case is remarkable for a display of sly sagacity. 
A friend of mine in Koss-shire had a small terrier and a large 
Newfoundland. One day a shepherd called upon him to say 
that his dogs had been worrying sheep the night before. The 
gentleman said there must be some mistake, as the Newfound- 
land had not been unchained. A few days afterwards the 
shepherd again called with the same complaint, vehemently 
asserting that he was positive as to the identity of the dogs. 
Consequently the owner set one watch upon the kennel and 
another outside the sheep enclosure, directing them (in con- 
sequence of what the shepherd had told him) not to interfere 
with the action of the dogs. After this had been done several 
nights in succession, the small dog was observed to come at 
day dawn to the place where the large one was chained ; the 
latter immediately slipped his collar, and the two animals made 
straight for the sheep. Upon arriving at the enclosure the 
Newfoundland concealed himself behind a hedge, while the 
terrier drove the sheep towards his ambush, and the fate of one 
of them was quickly sealed. When their breakfast was finished 
the dogs returned home, and the larger one, thrusting his h6ad 
into his collar, lay down again as though nothing had happened. 
Why this animal should have chosen to hunt by stratagem 
prey which it could easily run down, I cannot suggest ; but 
there can be little doubt that so wise a dog must have had 
some good reason. 
A similar instance of the display of collective instinct 
is thus narrated by M. Dureau de la Malle : — - 
I had at one time two sporting dogs, the one an excellent 
pointer with a very smooth skin, and of remarkable beauty and 
intelligence; the other was a spaniel with long and thick hair, 
but- which had not been taught to point, but only coursed in 
the woods like a harrier. My chateau is situated on a level 
spot of giound, opposite to copse wood filled with hares and 
