DOG — GENEEAL INTELLIGENCE. 
447 
hard biscuits in water till soft enough to eat. She would carry 
the biscuit in her mouth to the drinking- trough, drop it in and 
leave it there for a few minutes, and then fish it out with her 
paw. 
One more instance of the communication of ideas by 
gestures will no doubt be deemed sufficient. It is one of 
a kind which has many analogies in the literature of 
canine intelligence. 
Dr. Beattie relates this case of canine sagacity, of which 
the scene was a. place near Aberdeen. The Dee being 
frozen, a gentleman named Irvine was crossing the ice, 
which gave way with him about the middle of the river. 
Having a gun, he was able to keep himself from sinking 
by placing it across the opening. 6 The dog made many 
fruitless efforts to save his master, and then ran to a 
neighbouring village, where he saw a man, and with the 
most significant gestures pulled him by the coat, and 
prevailed on him to follow. The man arrived on the spot 
in time to save the gentleman’s life.’ 
Numberless other instances of the same kind might 
be given, and they display a high degree of intelligence. 
Even the idea of saving life implies in itself no small 
amount of intelligence ; but in such cases as these we 
have added the idea of going for help, communicating 
news of a disaster, and leading the way to its occurrence. 
Having thus as briefly as possible considered the 
emotional and the more ordinary intellectual faculties of 
the dog, I shall pass on to the statement of cases showing 
the higher and more exceptional developments of canine 
sagacity. 
Were the purpose of this work that of accumulating 
anecdotes of animal intelligence, this would be the place 
to let loose a flood of facts, which might all be well 
attested, relating to the high intelligence of dogs. But 
as my aim is rather that of suppressing anecdotes, except 
in so far as facts are required to prove the presence in 
animals of the sundry psychological faculties which I 
believe the different classes to present, 1 shall here, as 
elsewhere, follow the method of not multiplying anecdotes 
further than seems necessary fully to demonstrate the 
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