DOG — GENERAL INTELLIGENCE. 
459 
gist,’ vol. vii., p. 2338) of his terrier, which, on starting a 
water-rat out of reeds into the running stream, would not 
plunge directly after it, knowing that the rat would beat 
him at swimming. But the moment the rat plunged, the 
dog ran four or live yards down the bank, and there waited 
till the water-rat, being carried down stream, appeared 
upon the surface, when he pounced upon it successfully. 
Cases of this kind might be multiplied indefinitely, and 
they appear to show a true faculty of reason or inferring. 
Professor W. W. Bailey, writing from Brown Univer- 
sity to ‘ Nature ’ (xxii., p. 607), says : — 
A friend of mine, a naturalist, and a very conscientious 
man, whose word can be implicitly trusted, gives the following, 
to which he was an eye-witness. His grandfather, then a very 
old but hale and hearty man, had a splendid Newfoundland. 
There was a narrow and precipitous road leading from the 
fields to the house. It was regarded as a very dangerous place. 
One day when the old gentleman was doing some work about 
the farm his horse became alarmed, and started off with the 
waggon along this causeway. The chances were that he would 
dash himself and the empty waggon to pieces. At once the dog 
seemed to take in the situation, although until that time he had 
been impassive. He started after the horse at full speed, over- 
took him, caught the bridle, and by his strength arrested the 
frightened creature until help could reach him. My friend 
gives many other stories of this fine dog, and thinks he had 
a decided sense of humour. I will repeat that both of these 
tales come to me well authenticated, and I could, by seeking 
permission, give names and places. 
Couch gives the following, which is worth quoting, as 
showing the intelligence of dogs in attacking unusual 
prey 
On the first discovery of the prey (crabs) a terrier runs in to 
seize it, and is immediately and severely bitten in the nose. But 
a sedate Newfoundland dog of my acquaintance proceeds more 
soberly in his work. He lays his paw on it to arrest it in its 
escape ; then tumbling it over he bares his teeth, and, seizing 
it with the mouth, throws the crab aloft. It falls upon the 
stones ; the shell is cracked beyond redemption, and then the 
dainty dish is devoured at his leisured 
: Illustration % of Instinct , p, XT 9, 
