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ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 
commencement of inflammatory softening of the brain, uncon- 
sciously imitate every word that is uttered, whether in their 
own or in a foreign language, and every gesture or action which 
is performed near them. 
The same sort of tendency is often observable in 
young children, so that it seems to be frequently dis- 
tinctive of a certain stage or grade of mental evolution, 
and particularly in the branch Primates . Other animals, 
however, certainly imitate each other’s actions to a certain 
extent, as I shall have occasion fully to notice in my next 
work. 
As for the sterner emotions, rage may be so pronounced 
as to make a monkey exhaust itself with beating about its 
cage, or a baboon bite its own limbs till the blood flows . 1 
Jealousy occurs in a correspondingly high degree, while 
retaliation and revenge are shown by all the higher 
monkeys when injury has been done to them, as any 
one may find by offering an insult to a baboon. The 
following is a good case of this, as it shows what may be 
called brooding resentment deliberately preparing a satis- 
factory revenge. Mr. Darwin writes : — 
Sir Andrew Smith, a zoologist whose scrupulous accuracy 
was known to many persons, told me the following story of 
which he was himself an eye-witness. At the Cape of Good 
Hope ; an officer had often plagued a certain baboon, and the 
animal, seeing him approaching one Sunday for parade, poured 
water into a hole and hastily made some thick mud, which he 
skilfully dashed over the officer as he passed by, to the amuse- 
ment of many bystanders. For long afterwards the baboon 
rejoiced and triumphed whenever he saw his victim . 2 
General Intelligence . 
Coming now to the higher powers, I shall give a few 
cases to show that monkeys certainly surpass all other 
animals in the scope of their rational faculty. Professor 
Croora Robertson writes me : — 
I witnessed the following incident in the Jardin des Plantes, 
now many years ago ; but it struck me greatly at the time, and 
I have narrated it repeatedly in the interval. A large ape — I 
1 Descent of Man, 71. 2 Ibid., p. 69. 
