258 
George Arnold 
d. Half an hour after the Operation, 1 / 32 grain of pilocarpine nitrate 
was injected into the groin, and one hour after the injection when 
profuse salivation was seen, the animal was killed, and pieces 
of the pancreas fixed as before. 
It is quite evident from a glance at any section of the pancreas, 
stained to show the ehondriosomes, that the cycle of secretion, excretion 
and rest, is not synchronous for all the cells. Some of these will be in a 
stage of repletion, wliile others, perhaps in the same alveolus, are in a 
condition varying from that to a state of rest. 
Since this is so, it would be expected that, even in an animal in which 
the pancreas had been artificially stimulated by the action of pilocarpine, 
the same ränge of Variation would be present. Such was the case in 
guinea-pigs 3b and 4d. It will be seen from the data given above, that 
a fairly wide ränge of Variation in reference to digestion, was allowed for 
the time at which the portions of the pancreas were removed. Neverthe- 
less, the difference in the pancreas as a whole, in respect to the zymogen 
granules present, was hardly appreciable in the animals, No. 1, 2, 3, and 
4c. In 4d, however, a marked difference c-ould be observed, since a great 
majority of the cells were in a condition of secretion, or excretion, espe- 
cially the latter, whereas the cells in a state of rest and exhaustion were 
scanty. Also, many of the cells, (entirely devoid of zymogen granules 
and therefore in the post-secretory condition) could be distinguished in 
which the inner zone of the cytoplasm contained very large vacuoles 
opening on to the surface of the cell, sometimes half as large as the nucleus. 
Apparently the conclusion to be drawn from these facts is that 1 / so grain 
pilocarpine for 0.6 kg body weight, is not sufficient to produce any ap- 
preciable Stimulus to the activity of the pancreatic cells, while on the 
other hand, 1 / 32 grain for the same animal, or one weighing only a little 
less, (0.5 kg) is not only sufficient but probably too muck, to judge by 
the vacuoles of normal size occurring in the cells of the guinea-pig 4d. 
Under the circumstances, it will be seen that to arrive at the correct 
seriation of the different stages in the production of the secretion, it is 
not possible to rely with safety only on the period of time after feeding, 
at which the portions of pancreas were removed, but recourse nmst be 
hadtoacarefulcomparison, Step by Step, of the condition of the individual 
cells themselves. 
The ehondriosomes or Nebenkern of the pancreatic cells. 
It has been remarked in a preceding paragraph, that many bodies of a 
chondriosomal nature, have been known for a long time under other names. 
