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IOWA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES. 
use in Sioux City, there were found teeth, which were deter- 
mined by Professor Cope to be Equus major. They would cor- 
respond in size, so far as can be judged, to the vertebra found 
near Sioux Palls, and it suggests in a striking way, that we 
may have here traces of the “Equus” or “Sheridan beds” 
that have been observed extensively in western Nebraska and 
Kansas. It perhaps should be added that quite thick deposits 
of till with gravel occur at a lower level near the Missouri at 
Riverside park, and seem to be of recent date. 
III. Observations Near Garretson. — The same party also vis- 
ited Garretson, northeast of Sioux Palls, not far from Pali- 
sades, S. D. That locality is especially interesting because of 
a small semi driftless area adjacent. Along the railroad the 
cuts from Palisade to about two miles north of Garretson, 
failed to show anything like till, and loess was exposed several 
feet in depth resting upon the surface of red quartzite. This 
red quartzite is cut into ravines at least forty feet deep in 
places, but there is no trace of any mass of till, nor of strias on 
the surface of the quartzite. More careful examination showed 
that a few scattered pebbles and bowlders of northern origin 
were to be found in the crevices of the quartzite, but nothing 
that would demonstrate that the region had ever been mantled 
with a deposit of till such as occurs elsewhere. East of town 
within a few rods, the till appears and in gravel beds found in 
that direction numerous rotten granite pebbles were found 
indicating greater age than is common within the moraine. 
About a mile east, and further to the southeast and south, are 
conspicuous knolls, largely composed of drift gravel and sand, 
resembling osars. About a mile south of the town, one of these 
has been cut into and building sand has been taken from it 
for several years. It shows several feet of gravel and pebbles 
resting upon a mass of irregularly stratified sand. In a rail- 
road cut to the east of it, there is found the unusual appearance 
of a stratum of gravel and bowlders overlain with loess several 
feet in depth, and resting upon a loess -like silt which is also 
shown several feet in thickness in some places, while else- 
where it is replaced by loose sand. It could not be distinctly 
shown that the lower silt was of markedly older age than the 
upper. 
IV. Preglacial Deposits in Turkey Ridge . — In the examination 
of Turkey ridge, there was found, at a point about four miles 
south of Irene, Clay county, S. D., a stratum of loess- like loam 
