IOWA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES. 
165 
ADDITIONS TO THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NORTH 
AMERICAN LICHENS. 
BY BRUCE FINK. 
While reading in the botanical library of the University of 
Minnesota during the summer of 1896, I noticed a number of 
titles which had escaped Mr. W. W. Calkins, while preparing 
his bibliography of North American lichens.* These I added 
to some before noted in my own library and began a careful 
search which extended through the summers of 1897 and 1898; 
examining also the general library of the University of Minne- 
sota. 
The work was begun simply to find articles for my own use; 
but knowing the importance of having bibliographies as com- 
plete as possible, I have concluded to publish what additions 
I have been able to find. In the search for titles I have exam- 
ined complete files of fifteen of our leading American scientific 
periodicals, have looked through the best general botanical 
bibliographies and have consulted various miscellaneous writ- 
ings. Yet, I am sure that some articles have escaped me, as 
I know too well the difficulties encountered in hunting for 
articles published in obscure places, and sometimes in papers 
bearing titles which do not indicate the presence of anything 
regarding lichens. 
Nearly all of the articles listed have been examined, and I 
have repeated four or five of Mr. Calkins’ titles because very 
imperfectly cited. I have brought my list only to the date of 
his publication, and in a future paper I shall hope to bring his 
paper, my additions and any other titles that I may be able to 
find, together for greater convenience of reference and to con- 
tinue the work to include the list of papers published since 
April 15, 1896, the date to which his bibliography extends. I 
have attempted to follow, in general, the rules of citation of 
the Madison Botanical congress. 
♦Calkins, W. W. Bibliography of North American Lichenology, Chicago Acad. 
Sci. 1 : 44-50, April 1896. 
