206 
IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
In 1897 Baker, in Notes on the ^enus Philcenus^ recognized 
the four species, separated the bibliography of lineatus and 
hilineatus and tried to restrict the latter to the west, while he 
described the eastern representatives as a distinct species 
americanus; an examination of a type and other eastern 
material shows no grounds, however, for the separation. 
During the prosecution of this work I have been placed 
under special obligations to Mr. Otto Heideman for the loan 
of a large series of both eastern and western forms, among 
them the largest collection of eastern Clastoptera and of west- 
ern Aphrophora that I have seen; to Professor Bruner for the 
loan of Nebraska, California, and Mexican material, and to 
Professors Piper, Gillette, Lintner, Pernald, Morse, C. M. 
Weed and H. E. Weed, for examination of material from their 
respective localities; to Professor Uhler for helpful sugges- 
tions, and especially to Professor Osborn, under whose super- 
vision the work was originally planned, for the use of his own, 
the Iowa Agricultural college and V. D. collections, all of 
them extensive, and (later) the Ohio material; and to Pro- 
fessor Summers for the continuation of the same favors. 
Besides the above, my own collection has furnished me with 
large series from Iowa, the Pacific coast, the West Indies and 
Mexico. 
FAMILY CERCOPID^ A. & S. 
Body Stout, compact; general form oval or elongate; head in nearly 
same plane as the body; vertex nearly flat, anterior margin rounding or 
angulate; ocelli, two, placed near the posterior margin; front convex, more 
er less inflated, transversely ribbed, nearly flat dorsally where it forms a 
subquadrate insertion in the anterior fleld of the vertex, from which it is 
separated by a distinct suture (this portion of the front is considered as 
part of the vertex and referred to hereafter as the tylus); antennae short, 
placed in front of and between the eyes under the margin of the vertex, 
the two basal joints bead-like, the remainder setaceous, pronotum large, 
anterior margin straight or angularly rounded, posterior margin short, 
often deeply emarginate; elytra longer than the abdomen, coriaceous, 
irregularly reticulated or with two long discoid cells and flve or more 
apical cells; wings with a broad margin beyond the intramarginal vein; 
posterior coxm and femora short and stout, posterior tibiae scarcely longer 
than the others, round at the base, spatulate at the apex, armed on the 
outer margin with two stout spurs, the second twice the length of the first; 
tibiae and two basal joints of the tarsi terminated with crescent-shaped 
rows of spines. 
The members of this family are readily recognized by the 
two spurs on the cylindrical hind tibiae. Some Pulgoridm 
