22 
PRIMROSE : THE ANATOMY OF THE ORANG OUTANG 
arising in the middle line of the back, was somewhat separated from the 
latter by a narrow interval, which is indicated in the drawing (plate III, 
fig. \,rhoin). The two portions, occipital and spinal, united to form a con- 
tinuous insertion into the whole of the vertebral border of the scapula, 
the upper part lying on the dorsal aspect of the levator anguli scapulae 
where the latter muscle was inserted into the scapula. The occipital 
origin is not constant in the Orang, as Fick^ found that in his specimen 
the muscle did not arise higher than in man. On the other hand, 
Bischoff, Owen and others have described an occipital origin in the 
Orang, and it appears to occur also in the lower apes. Macalister failed 
to find it in a young female Gorilla dissected by him. There was no 
occipital attachment described by Duvernoy in the Gorilla.^ In man 
one finds that the occipital attachment occurs as an occasional variety. 
The Levator anguli scapulcE (plate III, fig. I, La.s,\ arose by three slips 
from the transverse processes of the upper three cervical vertebrae, and 
was inserted into the upper angle of the scapula and into its vertebral 
border, lying there in the deep aspect of the rhomboid muscle. At its 
insertion it was closely incorporated with the serratus magnus muscle. 
In an Orang dissected by Fick^ the origin of the muscle extended 
as low down as the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra. 
The Serratus Magnus arose by eleven digitations from the upper 
eleven ribs, taking its origin from the anterior extremities of the osseous 
ribs, and in its lower portion interdigitating with the external oblique 
muscle of the abdomen. It passed backwards to be inserted into the 
whole of the vertebral border of the scapula, blending there with the 
levator anguli scapulae as already described. 
The two muscles last described are closely related to one another ; 
it will be observed that when the levator anguli scapulae arises from the 
complete series of cervical vertebrae (as in Fick’s Orang), the muscle 
becomes necessarily almost continuous at its origin with the serratus 
magnus, and as we have already observed they are united at their 
insertion. Thus an almost continuous sheet of muscle is formed. In 
man the muscles are wholly separate, the one in the neck and the other 
in the thorax. These observations led BischofT to conclude that in the 
1 Loc. cit., p. 19. 
2 Loc. cit., p. 76. 
3 Rudolf Pick, 2. “ Beobachtungen an einem zweiten erwachsenen Orang-Utang und einem Schim- 
pansen.” Archiv fur Anat. und Phys., Anat. Abt., 1895, p. 297. 
4 Bischolf, “ Beitrage zur anatomic des Hylobates leucisus und zu einer vergleichenden Anatomic 
der Muskcln der Affcn und dcs Mcnschcn.” Abhandl. der math. -phys. Classe der konig. bayer. Akad. 
dcr Wisscnschaftcn, Vol. X, 1870, p, 207. 
