24 MANUFACTORY OF PENS— PRESERVING MILK— ARTESIAN WELLS. 
The first mode of a|)plying the patterns was 
by stencils, that is, the pattern was cut out in 
paper, and wiien the pacer thus prepared was 
applied to the cloth to be painted, that portion 
w here the ground was exposed by the inter- 
stice in the caper was traversed by a brush. 
Then, a combination of stencilling and print- 
ing w'as had recourse to, the former process 
being first made use of, and then a block was 
applied, the stencilling forming the ground 
work. Stencilling is now abandoned In 
printing, it is necessary that the cloth should 
first be rubbed o^ er with a brush, else the 
colours w ill not adhere. Whether the etFect 
is electrical or not has not been ascertained. 
Every square yard of good oil cloth w eighs 
S-I^or 4^ lbs. each gaining by the apfilication 
of the paint 3 or 4 lbs. weight, and hence, the 
quality of this manufacture is judged of by the 
w eight. Whiting is often used in spurious 
cloths, mixed with oil. Cloth prepared in 
this way speedily cracks and becomes useless. 
Good cloth, with a very stout canvass, is 
used for covering verandahs, and will last 
nine or ten years, w'hile spurious cloth w'ill 
become useless in the course of one year. 
Floor cloth is employed to cover roofs, as at 
the manufactory at Knightsbridge, and for 
gutters. In tlie latter case it is remarkable 
that water remaining in contact with it pro- 
duces no injurious effect. 
Painted baize for tables is usually manufac- 
ture, with a smooth side, and is printed with 
blocks of a fine structure, resembling calico 
blocks. Fine canvass is employed ; several 
coats of paint are laid on upon one side, and 
the other receives one coat, and is then strewed 
over with w ool, or flocked, as it is called. 
MANUFACTURE OF’ PENS. 
BY DR. FARADAY,— Quills appear to have 
been employed, at least, as early as the 
seventh century. England is supplied with 
this article from Russia and Poland, where 
immense flocks of geese are fed for the 
sake of their quills. The quantity exported 
from St. Petersburg, varies from six to 
tw^enty-seven millions. Twenty millions 
were last year imported into England from 
these countries. We may form some idea 
of the number of geese which must be requir- 
ed to afford the supply, when we consider, 
that each w'ing i)rodu( es about five good 
quills and that by proper management, a 
goose may afford tw^enty quills during the 
year. Hence, it is obvious, that the geese 
of Great Britain and Ireland, could afford but 
a very limited supply. The feathers of the 
geese of the latter countries are employed for 
making beds. 
MODE OF PRESERVING MILK FOR 
LONG VOYAGES. 
Sir, — As (he season of the year Is now ar- 
rived when hundreds of mechanics are in- 
duced to cross the Atlantic, in the hope bet- 
tering their fortune, and to those who may 
carry young families with them, milk may be 
an important article of diet, perhaps the fol- 
lowing extract from an old newspaper of the 
date of j 822, setting forth a simple and easy 
method of preserving it, may be of import- 
ance; more pariicniarly as I perceive from 
your last monthly list of new patents, (hat a 
method of preserving animal milk has just 
been patented — whether the same or a differ- 
ent method remains to be seen ; — 
“ Provide a quantity of pint or quart bottles 
(new ones are. perhaps best) ; they must be 
perfectly s« eet and clean, and very dry be 
fore they are made nss of. Instead of draw- 
ing the milk from the cow into tlie pail as 
usual, it is to be milked into the bottles. As 
soon as any of them are filled sufficiently they 
should be immediately well corked with the 
very best cork, in order to keep out the ex- 
ternal air, and fastened tight with packthread 
or wire, as the corks in bottles which contain 
cider generally are. Then, on the bottom of 
an iron or copper boiler, spread a little straw; 
on that lay a row of (he bottles filled with 
milk, with some straw between each to pre- 
vent them from breaking, and so on alternate- 
ly until the boiler has a sufficient quantity in ; 
then fill it up with cold w'ater. Pleat the 
water gradually until it begins to boil, and as 
soon as that is perceivable draw the fire. The 
bottles must remain undisturbed in the boiler 
until they are quite cool, t hen take them 
out, and afterwards pack tliem in hampers, 
either with straw or saw du.st, and stow them 
in the coolest part of the ship. Miik preserv- 
ed in this way has been taken to the West 
Indies and back, and at the end of that time 
was as sweet as when first drawn from the 
cow.” 
I am, Sir, yours, 
J. Elliott, 
March 30, 1835. 
ARTESIAN WELLS EMPLOYED TO 
ACTUATE MACHINERY. 
At Froiites, near Aire, the w'aters often 
.Artesian wells (springs obtained by boring, 
and so called from the province of Artois, in 
Fiance, where his method came first into ex- 
tensive use) put in motion the wheels of a 
large mill, and act be.sides on the bellows and 
forge-liaminer of a nail-rnanufactory. At 
'Pours, a well, of nearly 150 yards in depth, 
pours 225 gallons per minute into the troughs 
of a wheel seven yards in diameter, which is 
the moving power of an extensive .silk manu- 
factory.— M, Arago, Annuaire, 1835. 
CALCULATING MACHINE. 
A gentleman, who is known to ns, and for 
whose scientific ingenuity we can readily 
vouch, has requested us to state, that he will 
engage to furnish for a sum of not more than 
40/. a calculating-machine, having three or- 
ders of differences, of five, four, and three 
places of figures respectively, and capable of 
calculating any table whatever of six places 
of figures, with the third difference constant. 
He will ask no money till the machine is de- 
livered perfect acco ding to the above objec- 
tions : a'ld would not object to bearing him- 
self half the expense, on condition of retaining 
a corresponding interest in the machine. — 
Mechanics’ Magazine^ 1835, 
