56 
MANIFESTATIONS OF ACTIVITY OF ORGANIC 
shown from the results of Trembley’s,'^Schoef- 
fer’sf Carolini’s4 and other observations. 
In the majority of the animal humours, glo- 
bules have been found ; in the blood, chyle, 
saliva, the pancreatic juice, the fat, the se- 
men, and the milk, by Leu\venhoeck,§ Ilew- 
son,ll and very recently by Home, Prevost, 
and Dumas, Rafu,5f Gottfried Reeinhold,^^ 
and Ludolf Christian Treviranus,tt &c. have 
likewise met with them in the proper juices 
of plants, especially in those of the milky 
kind. Globules of divers kinds are also seen 
in the cells of vegetables. Of this sort are 
those of the starch found in cotyledons ; of 
the albumen of grains of corn and bulbous 
roots; the resinous globules of chlorophile, 
in the parenchyma of the leaves, and the 
coloured globules in the cells of the flowers. 
Similar globules have also been perceived in 
the cellular tissue, the serous and mucous 
membranes, the brain and nerves, the tendons, 
and the different glands of animals, by Leu- 
vvenhoeck, Hook, Swammerdamm, Della 
'i'orie, Prochaska, Fontana, See.., and latterly 
b.y Parba, Horne, G. 11. Treviranus,!:!: Milne 
E'dwards,^^ Dutrochet.jH] Prevost and Du- 
mas, Hodgkins and Lister.* * * § Lastly, they 
are discovered also in the embryons of plants 
and animals that are forming, a iact demon- 
strated by Swammerdamm, t C. F. Wolf.j); 
G, 11. 'rreviranu5,$ Sprengel.H L. C. Trevi- 
ranus,*[[ Link,** Pudolphi,tt J- F. Meekest 
and many others. 
* Mem. pour servir a I’Histoire d’un genre de 
Polypes d’eau douce. Leyden, 1744, p. 54. 
+ Von den guinen Armpolypen. Ryensburg, 
1755, p. 21 
t Ueber Pfanzenthier-e des Mittelmeers, p. .56. 
§ Opera omnia seu Arcana Naturas. Leyden, 
17 ' 22 . 
II Opus Posthumum, Description of the red 
Particles of the blood London, 1777. 
^ Entwurf einer Pflanzen Physiologie. Trans- 
lated from the Danish, by Markussen, p. 91. 
Ueber die Gefasse und den Bildurgsaft der 
Pflanzen, in Verraischten Schriften, v i, p. 145. 
+t Ueber den eigenen Taft der Gewaschse ; in 
Tiedemann’s und Treviraniis’ Zeitschrift fur 
Physiologie, vol. i, p 147. 
Ueber die Organischen Elemente des thieri- 
schen Korpers ; in Verrnischten Schriften, ena- 
tomischen und Physiologischen Inhalts. Goeit- 
tingen, I8I6, vol. i, p 117. 
§§ Sur la Structure Elementaire de-i Principaux 
Tissus Organiques des Animaux, in the Archi- 
ves Generates de Medicine, 1S23, vol. iii. Re- 
cherches Microscopiques sur la Scructure in 
time des tissus Organiques des Animaux ; in 
the Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 1825, vol. 
ix, p. 362 
1111 Recherches .\natomiques et Physiologiques 
sur la structur intime des Animaux at des Ve- 
getaux, etsur leur Motilite Paris, 1824. 
Bibliotheque Universelle des Sciences et 
Arts, A ol. xvii. 
* Philosophical Magazine and Annals of Phi- 
losophy, No. 8, 1827. 
t Biblia Naturas, p 817. He saw globules on 
the young bull head frogs. 
1 Theoria Generationis, vol ii, pp 2, 16, 53. 
I Biologie, vol iii, p. 233, vol. iv, p. 9. 
II Von dem Bau und der Natur de Gewaschse. 
Halle, 1812, p. 71. 
H Vom inwendigen Bau der Gewaschse, p. 2. 
Beitrage zur Pflanzen Physiologie, p. I . 
** Grundlehren dei Anatomic und Physiologie 
der Pflanzen, p. 29, Nachtrage,p. 3. 
H Anatomie der Pflanzen. p 27. 
JJ Vergleichende Anatomic, vol i, p. 40. 
XXXV. These globules or corpuscules 
peculiar to organic bodies, none similar to 
which are found in minerals, are to be con- 
sidered as the elementary forms of the former, 
a.s the final organic molecules possessing a 
distinct form which are perceivable in tliem. 
Organic matters, in general, appear to have 
the property of assuming, under certain cir- 
cumstances, globular forms. This is chiefly 
remarked when they pass from the liquid to 
the solid state. G. R. Treviranus saw glo- 
bules formed during coagulation of the white 
of an egg, which he had not distinguished in 
the liquid albumen. Prevost and Dumas ob- 
served the same phenomenon in albumen, i 
whose coagulation they had effected by sub- 
mitting it to the action of the positive pole of 
the galvanic pile. It is globularcorpuscules, 
also, which fiist appear when infusoria are ' 
formed in tlie mids^t of organic matters in a 
state of decomposition. 
XXXVI. These organic elementary glo- 
bules, whose volume, colour, and other quali- 
ties show so many differences in the liquid.? 
and solids of plants and animals, form the 
basis of the different tissues, the presence of 
which distinguishes living todies from mi- j 
nerals, wherein nothing that can be compared ! 
to them is perceptible. Animal tissues are i 
the consequence of, or are composed by dif- I 
ferent modes of arrangement of the globules. I 
These are ranged in series and lines in the i 
fibrous tissue of the nerves, of the muscles I 
and tendons. They are extended in the form 1 
of lamellae in the cellular tissue, and those ! 
membranes that are chiefly composed of it, as I 
the serous, synovial, and mucous, as well as , 
in the coats of the vessels. 'J'hey are found | 
variously united in masses in the glandular or- ' 
gans, the liver, the kidneys, the salivary glands, 
the pancreas and testicles. The tissues of vege- ’ 
tables have not been hitherto sufficiently | 
examined so as to ascertain the j)recise I 
arrangement of their elementary globules. [ 
XXXVII. The union of tissues, in ex- 
tremely diversified modes of combination, j 
disposition, and form, gives origin to the pans 
which we see exercising the different func- ' 
tions in organic bodies, during their life, and I 
which we designate by the name of organs or I 
apparatus for the performance of the different , 
manifestations of life. Pat ts resembling these ' 
are never met with inorganic bodies. ' 
XXXVllI. Organic bodies, at least the j 
more complicated, have their surface supplied i 
with a covering, which confines them, and 
which surrounds the different liquid and solid 
parts, organs, tissues, and combinations of tis- 
sues, entering into their composition. This 
covering is called skin in animals and bark i 
in plants. The different sized openings by 
wdiich it is pierced, permit living bodies to 
absorbrsubstances from without and to expel 
substances from within. We find nothing 
like this in minerals, w'hose constituent par- 
ticles are without any means of separation 
directly exposed to the surrounding media. 
XXXIX. All the parts found in, and 
whose union constitute, organic bodies, are 
held together by the bonds of a strict causali- 
ty. In relation to their origin and formation 
they are dependent on each other. This pro- 
