88 
BECQUEREL AND BRESCHET’S IMPORTANT EXPERIMENTS. 
this state it was red oxide of manganese. It 
weighed 5’7S grs. = 5'38 grs. of protoxide o>f 
manganese. 
The ammoniacal liquid was passed through 
the filter being evaporated to dryness, and the 
residue re-dissolved in water, left a small 
quantity of matter, which became red by 
ignition, and was also red oxide of manganese. 
It weighed 0'()7 = O'OGa gr. of protoxide. 
So that the whole protoxide of manganese 
contained in l6'26 grs. of the salt amounts to 
6’445 gr. 
The liquid thus freed from base was treated 
with nitrate of silver. The chloride of silver 
obtained weighed after ignition, 0-5 gr. = 0‘12 
gr. of chlorine. 
The excess of silver being removed by the 
addition of a little common salt, the liquid was 
precipitated by muriate of barytes. The 
sulphate of barytes obtained being collected, 
washed and ignited, weighed 2l;'tiG grs.= 8'5 
gr. sul[)huric acid. 
What is wanting to complete the 1G’2G grs. 
must he water. For no other constituent 
could be obtained. 
Thus, it appears that the salt is composed 
of Sulphuric acid 8‘5, Chlorine 0T2, Pro- 
toxide of manganese 5’145. Water 2*195, 
Total 1 6. 20 
The chlorine was doubtless combined with 
manganese, probably in the state of tris- 
chloride. We must, therefore, subtract 0.33 
from the protoxide of manganese. I'he re- 
mainder, .5*1.85 is the quantity of manganese 
in combination with the sulphuric acid. Now, 
5*1 is to 8*5 as 4*5 to 7*5. So that the salt 
is conu'osed very nearly of atom sulphu- 
ric acid 7*5, 1 atom protoxide of manganese 
4*5. 2 atoms water 2*'25, Total lt-2;). 
The water was rather less than two atoms. 
Probably a little had been driven ott’ in the 
attempt to dry the salt by heat. 
To what the yellow colour is owing, which 
ibis salt possesses I do not know. The so- 
lution of it in water is colourless, so that 
none of the manganese can be in the state of 
red oxide. I could detect no oxide of zinc 
in the oxide of manganese, and none could be 
extracted by digesting the newly precipitated 
oxide in caustic potash . — Records of Science, 
18.5. 
ANIMAL HEAT. 
Becquerel and Breschet are at present en- 
gaged in a series of experiments upon this 
subject. Their mode of determining the 
temperature of dififerent parts ofanimal bodies 
is by means of a thermo-electric multiplier, 
vvith needles and probes formed of two dif- 
ferent metals, soldered in certain points only. 
The needles are of two kinds, the most 
simple being composed of two other needles, 
the one of platinum, or copper, the other of 
steel, soldered atone of their extremities in 
the direction of their lengths, each of them 
being about half a millimetre (0-0196 inch) 
in diameter, and a decimetre (3*93 inches) 
in length. One of these needles is introduced 
into that part of the body wliose temperature 
is to be determined, the soldered part being 
placed in the same medium. Tlie two free 
erids are then made to communicate with th® 
vvires of the multiplier. The points of junc- 
tion, platinum and copper, steel and copper^ 
if the platinum and steel needle is employed, 
or the points of junction of steel and copper, 
if the steel and copper needle is en)ployed„ 
are placed in melting ice, in order tliat the 
temperature may remain constant. The 
magnetic needle then deviates, in conse- 
quence of the difference of temperature which 
exists between the point examined and zero. 
Experience shows that the maximum effect 
is found between & 259 ; therefore, before 
commencing the experiment, the multiplier 
may be so adjusted that the needle shall stand 
between 20*^ and 25®, in order that the most 
minute deviations may be noted. When 
the magnetic needle has acquired a fixed 
equilibrium, the probe is withdrawn from the 
part examined, and the corresponding sol- 
dered part is plunged into a water-bath, of 
wliich the tempeiature is raised until a devia- 
tion is produced, considerably, above that 
which was previously obtained. The water 
is allowed to cool, and the temperature cor- 
responding to this deviation is marked by an 
excellent thermometer. By this method of 
procedure the following temperatures were 
obtained. A &: B distinguish two persons 
aged 20 years ; C, a person aged 55 years ; — 
FIRST SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS.- 
TEMPERA I’ URE OF THE AIR 539.6'. 
NAME OF THE PART, TEMPERATURE. 
Brachial biceps of A. 97*75 F. Adjacent 
cellular tissue 94-4G, Mouth 98*24, Brachial 
biceps of B 98*29, Adjacent cellular tissue 
95*81, Mouth 98 06, Biceps ofB 98*18, Cel- 
lular tissue 95*59, Mouth 98*6. 
BLACK DOG.— Flexor Muscle of the 
thigh 101*12, Cellular tissue of the neck 98*6, 
Abdomen 101*3, Cliest 101*12. 
ANOTHER DOG.-— Muscle of the thish 
100*4, Chest 98*6, Abdomen 100*58. 
SECOND SERIES OF EXPERI- 
MENTS.— TEMPERATURE OF 4H£ 
AIR 53*6. Biceps of B 98.29, Cellular tis- 
sue 96*04, Calf of the leg 98*42, Mouth 98*6 
Biceps of C 98*42, Cellular tissue 95 59. 
THIRD EXPERIMENT.— BLACK 
DOG ALREADY SUBMITTED TO 
EXPERIMENT.— Muscle of the thigh 
101*48. 
THIRD SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS, 
NAME OF THE PART, TEMPERATURE. 
Mouth of B 98^*33, Mouth of A 98*51, 
Mouth of B by thermometer 98*6. 
SECOND EXPERIMENT.— Biceps of 
B 93*78, Cellular tissue 95*86. 
THIRD EXPERIMENT.— CARP 
(CYPRINUS CAP10.)_DifFerent parts 
56*3, Water 55*4. 
FOURTH SERIES OF EXPERI- 
MENTS.- MADE WITH PROBES 
WITH TWO BRANCHES, '1 ERMED 
NEEDLES OF THE SECOND KIN D. 
Biceps of B 1*181 inch deep 98*15 
Muscles of the calf. .. .1*572 ,, 98*15 
Adjacent cellular lissue.O 393 ,, 94*1 
Pectoralis major 1*573 „ 98*15 
Adjacent cellular tissue.0'393 ,, 94*1 
