136 
THE VALUE OF THE DISCOVERY OF THE PUMP. 
pipes may be united below the valves, so 
that one tube only may run down into the 
water ; 6 1, 6 2, are the eduction or force 
pipes of the pump, having valves opening 
from the pump, or upvrards ; they convey 
the water to the working cylinder, wliich is 
not represented. In adapting this pump to 
domestic uses, these pipes may be united 
above the valves, to form one main, which 
may be carried to the top of the house, if re- 
quired ; c is the first joint of the conti- 
nuations of the piston rod, situated just 
without the guide X ; d\s the second or 
double joint of the continuations of the 
piston rod ; at this point the rod d /*, from 
the lever or handle, joins the piston rod at 
right angles ; e is the third joint of the con- 
tinuations of the piston rod, situate near 
the fulcrum ;y’is a joint which unites the 
rod df to the lever or handle k', g h another 
joint of the lever or handle, situate near its 
fulcrum^'. 
The fulcri hj being immoveably fixed, 
when the lever or handle k is raised, the 
double joint d will be moved through the 
point dl 1 to d! 2, above the line of direction 
of the piston rod; and when the double 
joint shall have attained the position of d 2, 
the piston will be drawn to the end of its 
stroke upwards, near the pipes a2,b 2. By 
this motion the pump will be filled once, 
through the pipe a 1 ; and emptied once, 
through the pipe h 2. On depressing the 
handle or lever k, until it regain its original 
position, the double joint will travel through 
the point d 1 , and attain its original position 
at d. The piston will be forced to the end 
of its stroke downwards, near the pipes a 1, 
i 1; and the pump will be discharged, for 
the second tinie, through the pipe b 1, and 
synchronously filled, for the second time, 
through the pipe a 2. On continuing the 
depression of the handle or lever below its 
present position, until the double joint d 
passes through the point 1 to d 2, below 
the line of direction of the piston rod, the 
piston will be again drawn to the upper end 
of its stroke, near to the pipes a 2, b 2 and 
the pump will be discharged, for the third 
time, through the pipe b 2, and filled, for 
the third time, through the pipe a 1 . On 
now raising the lever or handle until it shall 
have regained its original position, (when it 
will have completed just one revelation,) 
the double joint will pass through the point 
d 1 , below the line of direction of the piston 
rod, to its original position at d ; and the 
piston will be forced again to its original 
position near the pipes a 1, b \. By this 
motion the pump will be emptied, for the 
fourthtime, through the pipe b 1 ; and filled, 
for the fourth time, through the pipe a 2^ 
Thus by one revolution of the lever or handle, 
or by one oscillation of the double joint dy 
the pump will be emptied four times, and 
filled four times. When efficient power is 
to be derived from the principle of Bramah’s 
hydrostatic-press, the expeditious filling of 
the working cylinder is the grand desidera- 
tum — the difficulty. In short, from the re- 
lations of the two pistons concerned, (upon 
which relations the power of the machine 
depends,) it is impossible the filling of the 
working cylinder can be quickly enough 
effected, if the power to be used is to be 
derived solely from the principle of the 
hydrostatic-press. From this circumstance 
arose the necessity of lessening the dispro- 
portion between the two pistons ; so as, in 
the first place, to derive only part of the 
efficient force required, upon the principle 
of the hydrostatic-press ; and, in the next 
place, makeup in some degree by advantage- 
ous leverage, that could be worked quickly 
and powerfully, to impress the first impetus 
upon the water. This leverage seemed 
attainable most easily through the principle of 
oblique action used in the Russel printing- 
press ; and if obstacles should arise, such as 
ascending a steep hill, greater than the 
primary force at command could overcome 
by full strokes of the piston, the resultant 
force might easily be augmented, by the 
employment of only the same primary force, 
by using half- strokes of the pump, by keeping 
the oscillations of the double joint between 
the points d 1 above and d 1 below the line 
of direction of the piston rod. 
Although the combination of levers for 
working the pump was, I think, unexcep- 
tionable, and might be advantageously used 
on some occasions, still the experiment, on 
the whole, failed. 
If there be any originality in the combina- 
tion, I have no desire do reap any advantage 
from it by way of patent. I should, 
indeed, more desire to hinder any one else 
from so doing ; first, by offering herein the 
unlimited use of it to any one who may 
chance to see its utility and applicability ; 
and, secondly, by stating, that I have lately 
constructed another pump upon nearly the 
same plan. This pump, during the summer, 
I have had fixed half-way down in a deep 
well — the surface of the water being o6 feet 
below the surface of the earth, and I have 
carried the eduction pipe, or main, up to 
near the top of an adj oining chimney. From 
the main go lateral pipes, of less diameter, 
to coppers, sinks, dairy, &c. 
This pump raised water faster than either 
of the cocks upon the lateral branches would 
deliver it, whilst subject to only the pres- 
sure of the atmosphere. The water then 
accumulated in the main, more or less, 
according to the strength and activity of the 
